Documentation / git-diff.txton commit Avoid using non-portable `echo -n` in tests. (6ecfd91)
   1git-diff(1)
   2===========
   3
   4NAME
   5----
   6git-diff - Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
   7
   8
   9SYNOPSIS
  10--------
  11'git diff' [<common diff options>] <commit>{0,2} [--] [<path>...]
  12
  13DESCRIPTION
  14-----------
  15Show changes between two trees, a tree and the working tree, a
  16tree and the index file, or the index file and the working tree.
  17
  18'git diff' [--options] [--] [<path>...]::
  19
  20        This form is to view the changes you made relative to
  21        the index (staging area for the next commit).  In other
  22        words, the differences are what you _could_ tell git to
  23        further add to the index but you still haven't.  You can
  24        stage these changes by using linkgit:git-add[1].
  25+
  26If exactly two paths are given, and at least one is untracked,
  27compare the two files / directories. This behavior can be
  28forced by --no-index.
  29
  30'git diff' [--options] --cached [<commit>] [--] [<path>...]::
  31
  32        This form is to view the changes you staged for the next
  33        commit relative to the named <commit>.  Typically you
  34        would want comparison with the latest commit, so if you
  35        do not give <commit>, it defaults to HEAD.
  36
  37'git diff' [--options] <commit> [--] [<path>...]::
  38
  39        This form is to view the changes you have in your
  40        working tree relative to the named <commit>.  You can
  41        use HEAD to compare it with the latest commit, or a
  42        branch name to compare with the tip of a different
  43        branch.
  44
  45'git diff' [--options] <commit> <commit> [--] [<path>...]::
  46
  47        This is to view the changes between two arbitrary
  48        <commit>.
  49
  50'git diff' [--options] <commit>..<commit> [--] [<path>...]::
  51
  52        This is synonymous to the previous form.  If <commit> on
  53        one side is omitted, it will have the same effect as
  54        using HEAD instead.
  55
  56'git diff' [--options] <commit>\...<commit> [--] [<path>...]::
  57
  58        This form is to view the changes on the branch containing
  59        and up to the second <commit>, starting at a common ancestor
  60        of both <commit>.  "git diff A\...B" is equivalent to
  61        "git diff $(git-merge-base A B) B".  You can omit any one
  62        of <commit>, which has the same effect as using HEAD instead.
  63
  64Just in case if you are doing something exotic, it should be
  65noted that all of the <commit> in the above description, except
  66for the last two forms that use ".." notations, can be any
  67<tree-ish>.
  68
  69For a more complete list of ways to spell <commit>, see
  70"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
  71However, "diff" is about comparing two _endpoints_, not ranges,
  72and the range notations ("<commit>..<commit>" and
  73"<commit>\...<commit>") do not mean a range as defined in the
  74"SPECIFYING RANGES" section in linkgit:git-rev-parse[1].
  75
  76OPTIONS
  77-------
  78:git-diff: 1
  79include::diff-options.txt[]
  80
  81<path>...::
  82        The <paths> parameters, when given, are used to limit
  83        the diff to the named paths (you can give directory
  84        names and get diff for all files under them).
  85
  86Output format
  87-------------
  88include::diff-format.txt[]
  89
  90EXAMPLES
  91--------
  92
  93Various ways to check your working tree::
  94+
  95------------
  96$ git diff            <1>
  97$ git diff --cached   <2>
  98$ git diff HEAD       <3>
  99------------
 100+
 101<1> Changes in the working tree not yet staged for the next commit.
 102<2> Changes between the index and your last commit; what you
 103would be committing if you run "git commit" without "-a" option.
 104<3> Changes in the working tree since your last commit; what you
 105would be committing if you run "git commit -a"
 106
 107Comparing with arbitrary commits::
 108+
 109------------
 110$ git diff test            <1>
 111$ git diff HEAD -- ./test  <2>
 112$ git diff HEAD^ HEAD      <3>
 113------------
 114+
 115<1> Instead of using the tip of the current branch, compare with the
 116tip of "test" branch.
 117<2> Instead of comparing with the tip of "test" branch, compare with
 118the tip of the current branch, but limit the comparison to the
 119file "test".
 120<3> Compare the version before the last commit and the last commit.
 121
 122Comparing branches::
 123+
 124------------
 125$ git diff topic master    <1>
 126$ git diff topic..master   <2>
 127$ git diff topic...master  <3>
 128------------
 129+
 130<1> Changes between the tips of the topic and the master branches.
 131<2> Same as above.
 132<3> Changes that occurred on the master branch since when the topic
 133branch was started off it.
 134
 135Limiting the diff output::
 136+
 137------------
 138$ git diff --diff-filter=MRC            <1>
 139$ git diff --name-status                <2>
 140$ git diff arch/i386 include/asm-i386   <3>
 141------------
 142+
 143<1> Show only modification, rename and copy, but not addition
 144nor deletion.
 145<2> Show only names and the nature of change, but not actual
 146diff output.
 147<3> Limit diff output to named subtrees.
 148
 149Munging the diff output::
 150+
 151------------
 152$ git diff --find-copies-harder -B -C  <1>
 153$ git diff -R                          <2>
 154------------
 155+
 156<1> Spend extra cycles to find renames, copies and complete
 157rewrites (very expensive).
 158<2> Output diff in reverse.
 159
 160
 161Author
 162------
 163Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
 164
 165Documentation
 166--------------
 167Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
 168
 169GIT
 170---
 171Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite