1Commit Limiting 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 4Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the 5special notations explained in the description, additional commit 6limiting may be applied. 7 8Using more options generally further limits the output (e.g. 9`--since=<date1>` limits to commits newer than `<date1>`, and using it 10with `--grep=<pattern>` further limits to commits whose log message 11has a line that matches `<pattern>`), unless otherwise noted. 12 13Note that these are applied before commit 14ordering and formatting options, such as `--reverse`. 15 16-- 17 18-<number>:: 19-n <number>:: 20--max-count=<number>:: 21 Limit the number of commits to output. 22 23--skip=<number>:: 24 Skip 'number' commits before starting to show the commit output. 25 26--since=<date>:: 27--after=<date>:: 28 Show commits more recent than a specific date. 29 30--until=<date>:: 31--before=<date>:: 32 Show commits older than a specific date. 33 34ifdef::git-rev-list[] 35--max-age=<timestamp>:: 36--min-age=<timestamp>:: 37 Limit the commits output to specified time range. 38endif::git-rev-list[] 39 40--author=<pattern>:: 41--committer=<pattern>:: 42 Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer 43 header lines that match the specified pattern (regular 44 expression). With more than one `--author=<pattern>`, 45 commits whose author matches any of the given patterns are 46 chosen (similarly for multiple `--committer=<pattern>`). 47 48--grep-reflog=<pattern>:: 49 Limit the commits output to ones with reflog entries that 50 match the specified pattern (regular expression). With 51 more than one `--grep-reflog`, commits whose reflog message 52 matches any of the given patterns are chosen. It is an 53 error to use this option unless `--walk-reflogs` is in use. 54 55--grep=<pattern>:: 56 Limit the commits output to ones with log message that 57 matches the specified pattern (regular expression). With 58 more than one `--grep=<pattern>`, commits whose message 59 matches any of the given patterns are chosen (but see 60 `--all-match`). 61ifndef::git-rev-list[] 62+ 63When `--show-notes` is in effect, the message from the notes is 64matched as if it were part of the log message. 65endif::git-rev-list[] 66 67--all-match:: 68 Limit the commits output to ones that match all given `--grep`, 69 instead of ones that match at least one. 70 71--invert-grep:: 72 Limit the commits output to ones with log message that do not 73 match the pattern specified with `--grep=<pattern>`. 74 75-i:: 76--regexp-ignore-case:: 77 Match the regular expression limiting patterns without regard to letter 78 case. 79 80--basic-regexp:: 81 Consider the limiting patterns to be basic regular expressions; 82 this is the default. 83 84-E:: 85--extended-regexp:: 86 Consider the limiting patterns to be extended regular expressions 87 instead of the default basic regular expressions. 88 89-F:: 90--fixed-strings:: 91 Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don't interpret 92 pattern as a regular expression). 93 94--perl-regexp:: 95 Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regular expressions. 96 Requires libpcre to be compiled in. 97 98--remove-empty:: 99 Stop when a given path disappears from the tree. 100 101--merges:: 102 Print only merge commits. This is exactly the same as `--min-parents=2`. 103 104--no-merges:: 105 Do not print commits with more than one parent. This is 106 exactly the same as `--max-parents=1`. 107 108--min-parents=<number>:: 109--max-parents=<number>:: 110--no-min-parents:: 111--no-max-parents:: 112 Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many parent 113 commits. In particular, `--max-parents=1` is the same as `--no-merges`, 114 `--min-parents=2` is the same as `--merges`. `--max-parents=0` 115 gives all root commits and `--min-parents=3` all octopus merges. 116+ 117`--no-min-parents` and `--no-max-parents` reset these limits (to no limit) 118again. Equivalent forms are `--min-parents=0` (any commit has 0 or more 119parents) and `--max-parents=-1` (negative numbers denote no upper limit). 120 121--first-parent:: 122 Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge 123 commit. This option can give a better overview when 124 viewing the evolution of a particular topic branch, 125 because merges into a topic branch tend to be only about 126 adjusting to updated upstream from time to time, and 127 this option allows you to ignore the individual commits 128 brought in to your history by such a merge. Cannot be 129 combined with --bisect. 130 131--not:: 132 Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof) 133 for all following revision specifiers, up to the next `--not`. 134 135--all:: 136 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/`, along with `HEAD`, are 137 listed on the command line as '<commit>'. 138 139--branches[=<pattern>]:: 140 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/heads` are listed 141 on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit 142 branches to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', 143 '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 144 145--tags[=<pattern>]:: 146 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/tags` are listed 147 on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit 148 tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', 149 or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 150 151--remotes[=<pattern>]:: 152 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/remotes` are listed 153 on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit 154 remote-tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob. 155 If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 156 157--glob=<glob-pattern>:: 158 Pretend as if all the refs matching shell glob '<glob-pattern>' 159 are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. Leading 'refs/', 160 is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', 161 or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 162 163--exclude=<glob-pattern>:: 164 165 Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`, 166 `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise 167 consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns 168 up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or 169 `--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear 170 accumulated patterns). 171+ 172The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or 173`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`, 174respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob` 175or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given 176explicitly. 177 178--reflog:: 179 Pretend as if all objects mentioned by reflogs are listed on the 180 command line as `<commit>`. 181 182--ignore-missing:: 183 Upon seeing an invalid object name in the input, pretend as if 184 the bad input was not given. 185 186ifndef::git-rev-list[] 187--bisect:: 188 Pretend as if the bad bisection ref `refs/bisect/bad` 189 was listed and as if it was followed by `--not` and the good 190 bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` on the command 191 line. Cannot be combined with --first-parent. 192endif::git-rev-list[] 193 194--stdin:: 195 In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command 196 line, read them from the standard input. If a `--` separator is 197 seen, stop reading commits and start reading paths to limit the 198 result. 199 200ifdef::git-rev-list[] 201--quiet:: 202 Don't print anything to standard output. This form 203 is primarily meant to allow the caller to 204 test the exit status to see if a range of objects is fully 205 connected (or not). It is faster than redirecting stdout 206 to `/dev/null` as the output does not have to be formatted. 207endif::git-rev-list[] 208 209--cherry-mark:: 210 Like `--cherry-pick` (see below) but mark equivalent commits 211 with `=` rather than omitting them, and inequivalent ones with `+`. 212 213--cherry-pick:: 214 Omit any commit that introduces the same change as 215 another commit on the ``other side'' when the set of 216 commits are limited with symmetric difference. 217+ 218For example, if you have two branches, `A` and `B`, a usual way 219to list all commits on only one side of them is with 220`--left-right` (see the example below in the description of 221the `--left-right` option). However, it shows the commits that were 222cherry-picked from the other branch (for example, ``3rd on b'' may be 223cherry-picked from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are 224excluded from the output. 225 226--left-only:: 227--right-only:: 228 List only commits on the respective side of a symmetric difference, 229 i.e. only those which would be marked `<` resp. `>` by 230 `--left-right`. 231+ 232For example, `--cherry-pick --right-only A...B` omits those 233commits from `B` which are in `A` or are patch-equivalent to a commit in 234`A`. In other words, this lists the `+` commits from `git cherry A B`. 235More precisely, `--cherry-pick --right-only --no-merges` gives the exact 236list. 237 238--cherry:: 239 A synonym for `--right-only --cherry-mark --no-merges`; useful to 240 limit the output to the commits on our side and mark those that 241 have been applied to the other side of a forked history with 242 `git log --cherry upstream...mybranch`, similar to 243 `git cherry upstream mybranch`. 244 245-g:: 246--walk-reflogs:: 247 Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk 248 reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones. 249 When this option is used you cannot specify commits to 250 exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2', 251 and 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used). 252+ 253With `--pretty` format other than `oneline` (for obvious reasons), 254this causes the output to have two extra lines of information 255taken from the reflog. The reflog designator in the output may be shown 256as `ref@{Nth}` (where `Nth` is the reverse-chronological index in the 257reflog) or as `ref@{timestamp}` (with the timestamp for that entry), 258depending on a few rules: 259+ 260-- 2611. If the starting point is specified as `ref@{Nth}`, show the index 262format. 263+ 2642. If the starting point was specified as `ref@{now}`, show the 265timestamp format. 266+ 2673. If neither was used, but `--date` was given on the command line, show 268the timestamp in the format requested by `--date`. 269+ 2704. Otherwise, show the index format. 271-- 272+ 273Under `--pretty=oneline`, the commit message is 274prefixed with this information on the same line. 275This option cannot be combined with `--reverse`. 276See also linkgit:git-reflog[1]. 277 278--merge:: 279 After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a 280 conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge. 281 282--boundary:: 283 Output excluded boundary commits. Boundary commits are 284 prefixed with `-`. 285 286ifdef::git-rev-list[] 287--use-bitmap-index:: 288 289 Try to speed up the traversal using the pack bitmap index (if 290 one is available). Note that when traversing with `--objects`, 291 trees and blobs will not have their associated path printed. 292 293--progress=<header>:: 294 Show progress reports on stderr as objects are considered. The 295 `<header>` text will be printed with each progress update. 296endif::git-rev-list[] 297 298-- 299 300History Simplification 301~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 302 303Sometimes you are only interested in parts of the history, for example the 304commits modifying a particular <path>. But there are two parts of 305'History Simplification', one part is selecting the commits and the other 306is how to do it, as there are various strategies to simplify the history. 307 308The following options select the commits to be shown: 309 310<paths>:: 311 Commits modifying the given <paths> are selected. 312 313--simplify-by-decoration:: 314 Commits that are referred by some branch or tag are selected. 315 316Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history. 317 318The following options affect the way the simplification is performed: 319 320Default mode:: 321 Simplifies the history to the simplest history explaining the 322 final state of the tree. Simplest because it prunes some side 323 branches if the end result is the same (i.e. merging branches 324 with the same content) 325 326--full-history:: 327 Same as the default mode, but does not prune some history. 328 329--dense:: 330 Only the selected commits are shown, plus some to have a 331 meaningful history. 332 333--sparse:: 334 All commits in the simplified history are shown. 335 336--simplify-merges:: 337 Additional option to `--full-history` to remove some needless 338 merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected 339 commits contributing to this merge. 340 341--ancestry-path:: 342 When given a range of commits to display (e.g. 'commit1..commit2' 343 or 'commit2 {caret}commit1'), only display commits that exist 344 directly on the ancestry chain between the 'commit1' and 345 'commit2', i.e. commits that are both descendants of 'commit1', 346 and ancestors of 'commit2'. 347 348A more detailed explanation follows. 349 350Suppose you specified `foo` as the <paths>. We shall call commits 351that modify `foo` !TREESAME, and the rest TREESAME. (In a diff 352filtered for `foo`, they look different and equal, respectively.) 353 354In the following, we will always refer to the same example history to 355illustrate the differences between simplification settings. We assume 356that you are filtering for a file `foo` in this commit graph: 357----------------------------------------------------------------------- 358 .-A---M---N---O---P---Q 359 / / / / / / 360 I B C D E Y 361 \ / / / / / 362 `-------------' X 363----------------------------------------------------------------------- 364The horizontal line of history A---Q is taken to be the first parent of 365each merge. The commits are: 366 367* `I` is the initial commit, in which `foo` exists with contents 368 ``asdf'', and a file `quux` exists with contents ``quux''. Initial 369 commits are compared to an empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME. 370 371* In `A`, `foo` contains just ``foo''. 372 373* `B` contains the same change as `A`. Its merge `M` is trivial and 374 hence TREESAME to all parents. 375 376* `C` does not change `foo`, but its merge `N` changes it to ``foobar'', 377 so it is not TREESAME to any parent. 378 379* `D` sets `foo` to ``baz''. Its merge `O` combines the strings from 380 `N` and `D` to ``foobarbaz''; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent. 381 382* `E` changes `quux` to ``xyzzy'', and its merge `P` combines the 383 strings to ``quux xyzzy''. `P` is TREESAME to `O`, but not to `E`. 384 385* `X` is an independent root commit that added a new file `side`, and `Y` 386 modified it. `Y` is TREESAME to `X`. Its merge `Q` added `side` to `P`, and 387 `Q` is TREESAME to `P`, but not to `Y`. 388 389`rev-list` walks backwards through history, including or excluding 390commits based on whether `--full-history` and/or parent rewriting 391(via `--parents` or `--children`) are used. The following settings 392are available. 393 394Default mode:: 395 Commits are included if they are not TREESAME to any parent 396 (though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below). If the 397 commit was a merge, and it was TREESAME to one parent, follow 398 only that parent. (Even if there are several TREESAME 399 parents, follow only one of them.) Otherwise, follow all 400 parents. 401+ 402This results in: 403+ 404----------------------------------------------------------------------- 405 .-A---N---O 406 / / / 407 I---------D 408----------------------------------------------------------------------- 409+ 410Note how the rule to only follow the TREESAME parent, if one is 411available, removed `B` from consideration entirely. `C` was 412considered via `N`, but is TREESAME. Root commits are compared to an 413empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME. 414+ 415Parent/child relations are only visible with `--parents`, but that does 416not affect the commits selected in default mode, so we have shown the 417parent lines. 418 419--full-history without parent rewriting:: 420 This mode differs from the default in one point: always follow 421 all parents of a merge, even if it is TREESAME to one of them. 422 Even if more than one side of the merge has commits that are 423 included, this does not imply that the merge itself is! In 424 the example, we get 425+ 426----------------------------------------------------------------------- 427 I A B N D O P Q 428----------------------------------------------------------------------- 429+ 430`M` was excluded because it is TREESAME to both parents. `E`, 431`C` and `B` were all walked, but only `B` was !TREESAME, so the others 432do not appear. 433+ 434Note that without parent rewriting, it is not really possible to talk 435about the parent/child relationships between the commits, so we show 436them disconnected. 437 438--full-history with parent rewriting:: 439 Ordinary commits are only included if they are !TREESAME 440 (though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below). 441+ 442Merges are always included. However, their parent list is rewritten: 443Along each parent, prune away commits that are not included 444themselves. This results in 445+ 446----------------------------------------------------------------------- 447 .-A---M---N---O---P---Q 448 / / / / / 449 I B / D / 450 \ / / / / 451 `-------------' 452----------------------------------------------------------------------- 453+ 454Compare to `--full-history` without rewriting above. Note that `E` 455was pruned away because it is TREESAME, but the parent list of P was 456rewritten to contain `E`'s parent `I`. The same happened for `C` and 457`N`, and `X`, `Y` and `Q`. 458 459In addition to the above settings, you can change whether TREESAME 460affects inclusion: 461 462--dense:: 463 Commits that are walked are included if they are not TREESAME 464 to any parent. 465 466--sparse:: 467 All commits that are walked are included. 468+ 469Note that without `--full-history`, this still simplifies merges: if 470one of the parents is TREESAME, we follow only that one, so the other 471sides of the merge are never walked. 472 473--simplify-merges:: 474 First, build a history graph in the same way that 475 `--full-history` with parent rewriting does (see above). 476+ 477Then simplify each commit `C` to its replacement `C'` in the final 478history according to the following rules: 479+ 480-- 481* Set `C'` to `C`. 482+ 483* Replace each parent `P` of `C'` with its simplification `P'`. In 484 the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents or that are 485 root commits TREESAME to an empty tree, and remove duplicates, but take care 486 to never drop all parents that we are TREESAME to. 487+ 488* If after this parent rewriting, `C'` is a root or merge commit (has 489 zero or >1 parents), a boundary commit, or !TREESAME, it remains. 490 Otherwise, it is replaced with its only parent. 491-- 492+ 493The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to 494`--full-history` with parent rewriting. The example turns into: 495+ 496----------------------------------------------------------------------- 497 .-A---M---N---O 498 / / / 499 I B D 500 \ / / 501 `---------' 502----------------------------------------------------------------------- 503+ 504Note the major differences in `N`, `P`, and `Q` over `--full-history`: 505+ 506-- 507* `N`'s parent list had `I` removed, because it is an ancestor of the 508 other parent `M`. Still, `N` remained because it is !TREESAME. 509+ 510* `P`'s parent list similarly had `I` removed. `P` was then 511 removed completely, because it had one parent and is TREESAME. 512+ 513* `Q`'s parent list had `Y` simplified to `X`. `X` was then removed, because it 514 was a TREESAME root. `Q` was then removed completely, because it had one 515 parent and is TREESAME. 516-- 517 518Finally, there is a fifth simplification mode available: 519 520--ancestry-path:: 521 Limit the displayed commits to those directly on the ancestry 522 chain between the ``from'' and ``to'' commits in the given commit 523 range. I.e. only display commits that are ancestor of the ``to'' 524 commit and descendants of the ``from'' commit. 525+ 526As an example use case, consider the following commit history: 527+ 528----------------------------------------------------------------------- 529 D---E-------F 530 / \ \ 531 B---C---G---H---I---J 532 / \ 533 A-------K---------------L--M 534----------------------------------------------------------------------- 535+ 536A regular 'D..M' computes the set of commits that are ancestors of `M`, 537but excludes the ones that are ancestors of `D`. This is useful to see 538what happened to the history leading to `M` since `D`, in the sense 539that ``what does `M` have that did not exist in `D`''. The result in this 540example would be all the commits, except `A` and `B` (and `D` itself, 541of course). 542+ 543When we want to find out what commits in `M` are contaminated with the 544bug introduced by `D` and need fixing, however, we might want to view 545only the subset of 'D..M' that are actually descendants of `D`, i.e. 546excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the `--ancestry-path` 547option does. Applied to the 'D..M' range, it results in: 548+ 549----------------------------------------------------------------------- 550 E-------F 551 \ \ 552 G---H---I---J 553 \ 554 L--M 555----------------------------------------------------------------------- 556 557The `--simplify-by-decoration` option allows you to view only the 558big picture of the topology of the history, by omitting commits 559that are not referenced by tags. Commits are marked as !TREESAME 560(in other words, kept after history simplification rules described 561above) if (1) they are referenced by tags, or (2) they change the 562contents of the paths given on the command line. All other 563commits are marked as TREESAME (subject to be simplified away). 564 565ifdef::git-rev-list[] 566Bisection Helpers 567~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 568 569--bisect:: 570 Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between 571 included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref 572 `refs/bisect/bad` is added to the included commits (if it 573 exists) and the good bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` are 574 added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there 575 are no refs in `refs/bisect/`, if 576+ 577----------------------------------------------------------------------- 578 $ git rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz 579----------------------------------------------------------------------- 580+ 581outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands 582+ 583----------------------------------------------------------------------- 584 $ git rev-list foo ^midpoint 585 $ git rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz 586----------------------------------------------------------------------- 587+ 588would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which 589introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly 590generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length 591one. Cannot be combined with --first-parent. 592 593--bisect-vars:: 594 This calculates the same as `--bisect`, except that refs in 595 `refs/bisect/` are not used, and except that this outputs 596 text ready to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the 597 name of the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the 598 expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is tested 599 to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be tested if 600 `bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`, the expected 601 number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be bad to 602 `bisect_bad`, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to 603 `bisect_all`. 604 605--bisect-all:: 606 This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded 607 commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded 608 commits. Refs in `refs/bisect/` are not used. The farthest 609 from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by 610 `--bisect`.) 611+ 612This is useful because it makes it easy to choose a good commit to 613test when you want to avoid to test some of them for some reason (they 614may not compile for example). 615+ 616This option can be used along with `--bisect-vars`, in this case, 617after all the sorted commit objects, there will be the same text as if 618`--bisect-vars` had been used alone. 619endif::git-rev-list[] 620 621 622Commit Ordering 623~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 624 625By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order. 626 627--date-order:: 628 Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but 629 otherwise show commits in the commit timestamp order. 630 631--author-date-order:: 632 Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but 633 otherwise show commits in the author timestamp order. 634 635--topo-order:: 636 Show no parents before all of its children are shown, and 637 avoid showing commits on multiple lines of history 638 intermixed. 639+ 640For example, in a commit history like this: 641+ 642---------------------------------------------------------------- 643 644 ---1----2----4----7 645 \ \ 646 3----5----6----8--- 647 648---------------------------------------------------------------- 649+ 650where the numbers denote the order of commit timestamps, `git 651rev-list` and friends with `--date-order` show the commits in the 652timestamp order: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1. 653+ 654With `--topo-order`, they would show 8 6 5 3 7 4 2 1 (or 8 7 4 2 6 5 6553 1); some older commits are shown before newer ones in order to 656avoid showing the commits from two parallel development track mixed 657together. 658 659--reverse:: 660 Output the commits chosen to be shown (see Commit Limiting 661 section above) in reverse order. Cannot be combined with 662 `--walk-reflogs`. 663 664Object Traversal 665~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 666 667These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories. 668 669ifdef::git-rev-list[] 670--objects:: 671 Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed 672 commits. `--objects foo ^bar` thus means ``send me 673 all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit 674 object _bar_ but not _foo_''. 675 676--objects-edge:: 677 Similar to `--objects`, but also print the IDs of excluded 678 commits prefixed with a ``-'' character. This is used by 679 linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] to build a ``thin'' pack, which records 680 objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these 681 excluded commits to reduce network traffic. 682 683--objects-edge-aggressive:: 684 Similar to `--objects-edge`, but it tries harder to find excluded 685 commits at the cost of increased time. This is used instead of 686 `--objects-edge` to build ``thin'' packs for shallow repositories. 687 688--indexed-objects:: 689 Pretend as if all trees and blobs used by the index are listed 690 on the command line. Note that you probably want to use 691 `--objects`, too. 692 693--unpacked:: 694 Only useful with `--objects`; print the object IDs that are not 695 in packs. 696endif::git-rev-list[] 697 698--no-walk[=(sorted|unsorted)]:: 699 Only show the given commits, but do not traverse their ancestors. 700 This has no effect if a range is specified. If the argument 701 `unsorted` is given, the commits are shown in the order they were 702 given on the command line. Otherwise (if `sorted` or no argument 703 was given), the commits are shown in reverse chronological order 704 by commit time. 705 Cannot be combined with `--graph`. 706 707--do-walk:: 708 Overrides a previous `--no-walk`. 709 710Commit Formatting 711~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 712 713ifdef::git-rev-list[] 714Using these options, linkgit:git-rev-list[1] will act similar to the 715more specialized family of commit log tools: linkgit:git-log[1], 716linkgit:git-show[1], and linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] 717endif::git-rev-list[] 718 719include::pretty-options.txt[] 720 721--relative-date:: 722 Synonym for `--date=relative`. 723 724--date=<format>:: 725 Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such 726 as when using `--pretty`. `log.date` config variable sets a default 727 value for the log command's `--date` option. By default, dates 728 are shown in the original time zone (either committer's or 729 author's). If `-local` is appended to the format (e.g., 730 `iso-local`), the user's local time zone is used instead. 731+ 732`--date=relative` shows dates relative to the current time, 733e.g. ``2 hours ago''. The `-local` option has no effect for 734`--date=relative`. 735+ 736`--date=local` is an alias for `--date=default-local`. 737+ 738`--date=iso` (or `--date=iso8601`) shows timestamps in a ISO 8601-like format. 739The differences to the strict ISO 8601 format are: 740 741 - a space instead of the `T` date/time delimiter 742 - a space between time and time zone 743 - no colon between hours and minutes of the time zone 744 745+ 746`--date=iso-strict` (or `--date=iso8601-strict`) shows timestamps in strict 747ISO 8601 format. 748+ 749`--date=rfc` (or `--date=rfc2822`) shows timestamps in RFC 2822 750format, often found in email messages. 751+ 752`--date=short` shows only the date, but not the time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format. 753+ 754`--date=raw` shows the date as seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01 75500:00:00 UTC), followed by a space, and then the timezone as an offset 756from UTC (a `+` or `-` with four digits; the first two are hours, and 757the second two are minutes). I.e., as if the timestamp were formatted 758with `strftime("%s %z")`). 759Note that the `-local` option does not affect the seconds-since-epoch 760value (which is always measured in UTC), but does switch the accompanying 761timezone value. 762+ 763`--date=unix` shows the date as a Unix epoch timestamp (seconds since 7641970). As with `--raw`, this is always in UTC and therefore `-local` 765has no effect. 766+ 767`--date=format:...` feeds the format `...` to your system `strftime`. 768Use `--date=format:%c` to show the date in your system locale's 769preferred format. See the `strftime` manual for a complete list of 770format placeholders. When using `-local`, the correct syntax is 771`--date=format-local:...`. 772+ 773`--date=default` is the default format, and is similar to 774`--date=rfc2822`, with a few exceptions: 775 776 - there is no comma after the day-of-week 777 778 - the time zone is omitted when the local time zone is used 779 780ifdef::git-rev-list[] 781--header:: 782 Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is 783 separated with a NUL character. 784endif::git-rev-list[] 785 786--parents:: 787 Print also the parents of the commit (in the form "commit parent..."). 788 Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below. 789 790--children:: 791 Print also the children of the commit (in the form "commit child..."). 792 Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below. 793 794ifdef::git-rev-list[] 795--timestamp:: 796 Print the raw commit timestamp. 797endif::git-rev-list[] 798 799--left-right:: 800 Mark which side of a symmetric difference a commit is reachable from. 801 Commits from the left side are prefixed with `<` and those from 802 the right with `>`. If combined with `--boundary`, those 803 commits are prefixed with `-`. 804+ 805For example, if you have this topology: 806+ 807----------------------------------------------------------------------- 808 y---b---b branch B 809 / \ / 810 / . 811 / / \ 812 o---x---a---a branch A 813----------------------------------------------------------------------- 814+ 815you would get an output like this: 816+ 817----------------------------------------------------------------------- 818 $ git rev-list --left-right --boundary --pretty=oneline A...B 819 820 >bbbbbbb... 3rd on b 821 >bbbbbbb... 2nd on b 822 <aaaaaaa... 3rd on a 823 <aaaaaaa... 2nd on a 824 -yyyyyyy... 1st on b 825 -xxxxxxx... 1st on a 826----------------------------------------------------------------------- 827 828--graph:: 829 Draw a text-based graphical representation of the commit history 830 on the left hand side of the output. This may cause extra lines 831 to be printed in between commits, in order for the graph history 832 to be drawn properly. 833 Cannot be combined with `--no-walk`. 834+ 835This enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below. 836+ 837This implies the `--topo-order` option by default, but the 838`--date-order` option may also be specified. 839 840--show-linear-break[=<barrier>]:: 841 When --graph is not used, all history branches are flattened 842 which can make it hard to see that the two consecutive commits 843 do not belong to a linear branch. This option puts a barrier 844 in between them in that case. If `<barrier>` is specified, it 845 is the string that will be shown instead of the default one. 846 847ifdef::git-rev-list[] 848--count:: 849 Print a number stating how many commits would have been 850 listed, and suppress all other output. When used together 851 with `--left-right`, instead print the counts for left and 852 right commits, separated by a tab. When used together with 853 `--cherry-mark`, omit patch equivalent commits from these 854 counts and print the count for equivalent commits separated 855 by a tab. 856endif::git-rev-list[] 857 858ifndef::git-rev-list[] 859Diff Formatting 860~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 861 862Listed below are options that control the formatting of diff output. 863Some of them are specific to linkgit:git-rev-list[1], however other diff 864options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options. 865 866-c:: 867 With this option, diff output for a merge commit 868 shows the differences from each of the parents to the merge result 869 simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent 870 and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files 871 which were modified from all parents. 872 873--cc:: 874 This flag implies the `-c` option and further compresses the 875 patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in 876 the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks 877 one of them without modification. 878 879-m:: 880 This flag makes the merge commits show the full diff like 881 regular commits; for each merge parent, a separate log entry 882 and diff is generated. An exception is that only diff against 883 the first parent is shown when `--first-parent` option is given; 884 in that case, the output represents the changes the merge 885 brought _into_ the then-current branch. 886 887-r:: 888 Show recursive diffs. 889 890-t:: 891 Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies `-r`. 892endif::git-rev-list[]