1git(1) 2====== 3 4NAME 5---- 6git - the stupid content tracker 7 8 9SYNOPSIS 10-------- 11[verse] 12'git' [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>] 13 [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path] 14 [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare] 15 [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>] 16 [--super-prefix=<path>] 17 <command> [<args>] 18 19DESCRIPTION 20----------- 21Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an 22unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations 23and full access to internals. 24 25See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see 26linkgit:giteveryday[7] for a useful minimum set of 27commands. The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] has a more 28in-depth introduction. 29 30After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this 31page to learn what commands Git offers. You can learn more about 32individual Git commands with "git help command". linkgit:gitcli[7] 33manual page gives you an overview of the command-line command syntax. 34 35A formatted and hyperlinked copy of the latest Git documentation 36can be viewed at `https://git.github.io/htmldocs/git.html`. 37 38ifdef::stalenotes[] 39[NOTE] 40============ 41 42You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly 43unreleased) version of Git, that is available from the 'master' 44branch of the `git.git` repository. 45Documentation for older releases are available here: 46 47* link:v2.12.1/git.html[documentation for release 2.12.1] 48 49* release notes for 50 link:RelNotes/2.12.1.txt[2.12.1]. 51 link:RelNotes/2.12.0.txt[2.12]. 52 53* link:v2.11.1/git.html[documentation for release 2.11.1] 54 55* release notes for 56 link:RelNotes/2.11.1.txt[2.11.1], 57 link:RelNotes/2.11.0.txt[2.11]. 58 59* link:v2.10.2/git.html[documentation for release 2.10.2] 60 61* release notes for 62 link:RelNotes/2.10.2.txt[2.10.2], 63 link:RelNotes/2.10.1.txt[2.10.1], 64 link:RelNotes/2.10.0.txt[2.10]. 65 66* link:v2.9.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.9.3] 67 68* release notes for 69 link:RelNotes/2.9.3.txt[2.9.3], 70 link:RelNotes/2.9.2.txt[2.9.2], 71 link:RelNotes/2.9.1.txt[2.9.1], 72 link:RelNotes/2.9.0.txt[2.9]. 73 74* link:v2.8.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.8.4] 75 76* release notes for 77 link:RelNotes/2.8.4.txt[2.8.4], 78 link:RelNotes/2.8.3.txt[2.8.3], 79 link:RelNotes/2.8.2.txt[2.8.2], 80 link:RelNotes/2.8.1.txt[2.8.1], 81 link:RelNotes/2.8.0.txt[2.8]. 82 83* link:v2.7.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.7.3] 84 85* release notes for 86 link:RelNotes/2.7.3.txt[2.7.3], 87 link:RelNotes/2.7.2.txt[2.7.2], 88 link:RelNotes/2.7.1.txt[2.7.1], 89 link:RelNotes/2.7.0.txt[2.7]. 90 91* link:v2.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 2.6.6] 92 93* release notes for 94 link:RelNotes/2.6.6.txt[2.6.6], 95 link:RelNotes/2.6.5.txt[2.6.5], 96 link:RelNotes/2.6.4.txt[2.6.4], 97 link:RelNotes/2.6.3.txt[2.6.3], 98 link:RelNotes/2.6.2.txt[2.6.2], 99 link:RelNotes/2.6.1.txt[2.6.1], 100 link:RelNotes/2.6.0.txt[2.6]. 101 102* link:v2.5.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.5.5] 103 104* release notes for 105 link:RelNotes/2.5.5.txt[2.5.5], 106 link:RelNotes/2.5.4.txt[2.5.4], 107 link:RelNotes/2.5.3.txt[2.5.3], 108 link:RelNotes/2.5.2.txt[2.5.2], 109 link:RelNotes/2.5.1.txt[2.5.1], 110 link:RelNotes/2.5.0.txt[2.5]. 111 112* link:v2.4.11/git.html[documentation for release 2.4.11] 113 114* release notes for 115 link:RelNotes/2.4.11.txt[2.4.11], 116 link:RelNotes/2.4.10.txt[2.4.10], 117 link:RelNotes/2.4.9.txt[2.4.9], 118 link:RelNotes/2.4.8.txt[2.4.8], 119 link:RelNotes/2.4.7.txt[2.4.7], 120 link:RelNotes/2.4.6.txt[2.4.6], 121 link:RelNotes/2.4.5.txt[2.4.5], 122 link:RelNotes/2.4.4.txt[2.4.4], 123 link:RelNotes/2.4.3.txt[2.4.3], 124 link:RelNotes/2.4.2.txt[2.4.2], 125 link:RelNotes/2.4.1.txt[2.4.1], 126 link:RelNotes/2.4.0.txt[2.4]. 127 128* link:v2.3.10/git.html[documentation for release 2.3.10] 129 130* release notes for 131 link:RelNotes/2.3.10.txt[2.3.10], 132 link:RelNotes/2.3.9.txt[2.3.9], 133 link:RelNotes/2.3.8.txt[2.3.8], 134 link:RelNotes/2.3.7.txt[2.3.7], 135 link:RelNotes/2.3.6.txt[2.3.6], 136 link:RelNotes/2.3.5.txt[2.3.5], 137 link:RelNotes/2.3.4.txt[2.3.4], 138 link:RelNotes/2.3.3.txt[2.3.3], 139 link:RelNotes/2.3.2.txt[2.3.2], 140 link:RelNotes/2.3.1.txt[2.3.1], 141 link:RelNotes/2.3.0.txt[2.3]. 142 143* link:v2.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.2.3] 144 145* release notes for 146 link:RelNotes/2.2.3.txt[2.2.3], 147 link:RelNotes/2.2.2.txt[2.2.2], 148 link:RelNotes/2.2.1.txt[2.2.1], 149 link:RelNotes/2.2.0.txt[2.2]. 150 151* link:v2.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.1.4] 152 153* release notes for 154 link:RelNotes/2.1.4.txt[2.1.4], 155 link:RelNotes/2.1.3.txt[2.1.3], 156 link:RelNotes/2.1.2.txt[2.1.2], 157 link:RelNotes/2.1.1.txt[2.1.1], 158 link:RelNotes/2.1.0.txt[2.1]. 159 160* link:v2.0.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.0.5] 161 162* release notes for 163 link:RelNotes/2.0.5.txt[2.0.5], 164 link:RelNotes/2.0.4.txt[2.0.4], 165 link:RelNotes/2.0.3.txt[2.0.3], 166 link:RelNotes/2.0.2.txt[2.0.2], 167 link:RelNotes/2.0.1.txt[2.0.1], 168 link:RelNotes/2.0.0.txt[2.0.0]. 169 170* link:v1.9.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.9.5] 171 172* release notes for 173 link:RelNotes/1.9.5.txt[1.9.5], 174 link:RelNotes/1.9.4.txt[1.9.4], 175 link:RelNotes/1.9.3.txt[1.9.3], 176 link:RelNotes/1.9.2.txt[1.9.2], 177 link:RelNotes/1.9.1.txt[1.9.1], 178 link:RelNotes/1.9.0.txt[1.9.0]. 179 180* link:v1.8.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.5.6] 181 182* release notes for 183 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.6.txt[1.8.5.6], 184 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt[1.8.5.5], 185 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt[1.8.5.4], 186 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt[1.8.5.3], 187 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt[1.8.5.2], 188 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt[1.8.5.1], 189 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.txt[1.8.5]. 190 191* link:v1.8.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.4.5] 192 193* release notes for 194 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt[1.8.4.5], 195 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt[1.8.4.4], 196 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt[1.8.4.3], 197 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt[1.8.4.2], 198 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt[1.8.4.1], 199 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.txt[1.8.4]. 200 201* link:v1.8.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.4] 202 203* release notes for 204 link:RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt[1.8.3.4], 205 link:RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt[1.8.3.3], 206 link:RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt[1.8.3.2], 207 link:RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt[1.8.3.1], 208 link:RelNotes/1.8.3.txt[1.8.3]. 209 210* link:v1.8.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.2.3] 211 212* release notes for 213 link:RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt[1.8.2.3], 214 link:RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt[1.8.2.2], 215 link:RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt[1.8.2.1], 216 link:RelNotes/1.8.2.txt[1.8.2]. 217 218* link:v1.8.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.1.6] 219 220* release notes for 221 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt[1.8.1.6], 222 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt[1.8.1.5], 223 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt[1.8.1.4], 224 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt[1.8.1.3], 225 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt[1.8.1.2], 226 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt[1.8.1.1], 227 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.txt[1.8.1]. 228 229* link:v1.8.0.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.0.3] 230 231* release notes for 232 link:RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt[1.8.0.3], 233 link:RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt[1.8.0.2], 234 link:RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt[1.8.0.1], 235 link:RelNotes/1.8.0.txt[1.8.0]. 236 237* link:v1.7.12.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.12.4] 238 239* release notes for 240 link:RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt[1.7.12.4], 241 link:RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt[1.7.12.3], 242 link:RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt[1.7.12.2], 243 link:RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt[1.7.12.1], 244 link:RelNotes/1.7.12.txt[1.7.12]. 245 246* link:v1.7.11.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.11.7] 247 248* release notes for 249 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt[1.7.11.7], 250 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt[1.7.11.6], 251 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt[1.7.11.5], 252 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt[1.7.11.4], 253 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt[1.7.11.3], 254 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt[1.7.11.2], 255 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt[1.7.11.1], 256 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.txt[1.7.11]. 257 258* link:v1.7.10.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.10.5] 259 260* release notes for 261 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt[1.7.10.5], 262 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt[1.7.10.4], 263 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt[1.7.10.3], 264 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt[1.7.10.2], 265 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt[1.7.10.1], 266 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.txt[1.7.10]. 267 268* link:v1.7.9.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.9.7] 269 270* release notes for 271 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.7.txt[1.7.9.7], 272 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt[1.7.9.6], 273 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt[1.7.9.5], 274 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.4.txt[1.7.9.4], 275 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.3.txt[1.7.9.3], 276 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.2.txt[1.7.9.2], 277 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.1.txt[1.7.9.1], 278 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.txt[1.7.9]. 279 280* link:v1.7.8.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.8.6] 281 282* release notes for 283 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.6.txt[1.7.8.6], 284 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.5.txt[1.7.8.5], 285 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt[1.7.8.4], 286 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.3.txt[1.7.8.3], 287 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt[1.7.8.2], 288 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.1.txt[1.7.8.1], 289 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.txt[1.7.8]. 290 291* link:v1.7.7.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.7.7] 292 293* release notes for 294 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt[1.7.7.7], 295 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt[1.7.7.6], 296 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.5.txt[1.7.7.5], 297 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.4.txt[1.7.7.4], 298 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.3.txt[1.7.7.3], 299 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.2.txt[1.7.7.2], 300 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.1.txt[1.7.7.1], 301 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.txt[1.7.7]. 302 303* link:v1.7.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.6.6] 304 305* release notes for 306 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.6.txt[1.7.6.6], 307 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.5.txt[1.7.6.5], 308 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.4.txt[1.7.6.4], 309 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.3.txt[1.7.6.3], 310 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.2.txt[1.7.6.2], 311 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.1.txt[1.7.6.1], 312 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.txt[1.7.6]. 313 314* link:v1.7.5.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.5.4] 315 316* release notes for 317 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt[1.7.5.4], 318 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.3.txt[1.7.5.3], 319 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.2.txt[1.7.5.2], 320 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.1.txt[1.7.5.1], 321 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.txt[1.7.5]. 322 323* link:v1.7.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.4.5] 324 325* release notes for 326 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt[1.7.4.5], 327 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt[1.7.4.4], 328 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.3.txt[1.7.4.3], 329 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.2.txt[1.7.4.2], 330 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.1.txt[1.7.4.1], 331 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.txt[1.7.4]. 332 333* link:v1.7.3.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.3.5] 334 335* release notes for 336 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.5.txt[1.7.3.5], 337 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.4.txt[1.7.3.4], 338 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.3.txt[1.7.3.3], 339 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.2.txt[1.7.3.2], 340 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.1.txt[1.7.3.1], 341 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.txt[1.7.3]. 342 343* link:v1.7.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.5] 344 345* release notes for 346 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.5.txt[1.7.2.5], 347 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.4.txt[1.7.2.4], 348 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.3.txt[1.7.2.3], 349 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.2.txt[1.7.2.2], 350 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.1.txt[1.7.2.1], 351 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.txt[1.7.2]. 352 353* link:v1.7.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.1.4] 354 355* release notes for 356 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.4.txt[1.7.1.4], 357 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.3.txt[1.7.1.3], 358 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.2.txt[1.7.1.2], 359 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.1.txt[1.7.1.1], 360 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.txt[1.7.1]. 361 362* link:v1.7.0.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.0.9] 363 364* release notes for 365 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.9.txt[1.7.0.9], 366 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.8.txt[1.7.0.8], 367 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.7.txt[1.7.0.7], 368 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.6.txt[1.7.0.6], 369 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.5.txt[1.7.0.5], 370 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.4.txt[1.7.0.4], 371 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.3.txt[1.7.0.3], 372 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.2.txt[1.7.0.2], 373 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.1.txt[1.7.0.1], 374 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.txt[1.7.0]. 375 376* link:v1.6.6.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.3] 377 378* release notes for 379 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.3.txt[1.6.6.3], 380 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.2.txt[1.6.6.2], 381 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.1.txt[1.6.6.1], 382 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.txt[1.6.6]. 383 384* link:v1.6.5.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.9] 385 386* release notes for 387 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.9.txt[1.6.5.9], 388 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.8.txt[1.6.5.8], 389 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.7.txt[1.6.5.7], 390 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.6.txt[1.6.5.6], 391 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.5.txt[1.6.5.5], 392 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.4.txt[1.6.5.4], 393 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.3.txt[1.6.5.3], 394 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.2.txt[1.6.5.2], 395 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.1.txt[1.6.5.1], 396 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.txt[1.6.5]. 397 398* link:v1.6.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.5] 399 400* release notes for 401 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.5.txt[1.6.4.5], 402 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.4.txt[1.6.4.4], 403 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3], 404 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.2.txt[1.6.4.2], 405 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.1.txt[1.6.4.1], 406 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.txt[1.6.4]. 407 408* link:v1.6.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.3.4] 409 410* release notes for 411 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.4.txt[1.6.3.4], 412 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.3.txt[1.6.3.3], 413 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.2.txt[1.6.3.2], 414 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.1.txt[1.6.3.1], 415 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.txt[1.6.3]. 416 417* release notes for 418 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.5.txt[1.6.2.5], 419 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.4.txt[1.6.2.4], 420 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.3.txt[1.6.2.3], 421 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.2.txt[1.6.2.2], 422 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.1.txt[1.6.2.1], 423 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.txt[1.6.2]. 424 425* link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3] 426 427* release notes for 428 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt[1.6.1.3], 429 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.2.txt[1.6.1.2], 430 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1], 431 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.txt[1.6.1]. 432 433* link:v1.6.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.0.6] 434 435* release notes for 436 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6], 437 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.5.txt[1.6.0.5], 438 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.4.txt[1.6.0.4], 439 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt[1.6.0.3], 440 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt[1.6.0.2], 441 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.1.txt[1.6.0.1], 442 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.txt[1.6.0]. 443 444* link:v1.5.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.6] 445 446* release notes for 447 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.6.txt[1.5.6.6], 448 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.5.txt[1.5.6.5], 449 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.4.txt[1.5.6.4], 450 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.3.txt[1.5.6.3], 451 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2], 452 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1], 453 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.txt[1.5.6]. 454 455* link:v1.5.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.6] 456 457* release notes for 458 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6], 459 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.5.txt[1.5.5.5], 460 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4], 461 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3], 462 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2], 463 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1], 464 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.txt[1.5.5]. 465 466* link:v1.5.4.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.7] 467 468* release notes for 469 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7], 470 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.6.txt[1.5.4.6], 471 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5], 472 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4], 473 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3], 474 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2], 475 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1], 476 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.txt[1.5.4]. 477 478* link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8] 479 480* release notes for 481 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8], 482 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7], 483 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6], 484 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5], 485 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4], 486 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3], 487 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2], 488 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1], 489 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.txt[1.5.3]. 490 491* link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5] 492 493* release notes for 494 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5], 495 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4], 496 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3], 497 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2], 498 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1], 499 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.txt[1.5.2]. 500 501* link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6] 502 503* release notes for 504 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6], 505 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5], 506 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4], 507 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3], 508 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2], 509 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1], 510 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.txt[1.5.1]. 511 512* link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7] 513 514* release notes for 515 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7], 516 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6], 517 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5], 518 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3], 519 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2], 520 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1], 521 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.txt[1.5.0]. 522 523* documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4], 524 link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3], 525 link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6], 526 link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13]. 527 528============ 529 530endif::stalenotes[] 531 532OPTIONS 533------- 534--version:: 535 Prints the Git suite version that the 'git' program came from. 536 537--help:: 538 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used 539 commands. If the option `--all` or `-a` is given then all 540 available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this 541 option will bring up the manual page for that command. 542+ 543Other options are available to control how the manual page is 544displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information, 545because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git 546help ...`. 547 548-C <path>:: 549 Run as if git was started in '<path>' instead of the current working 550 directory. When multiple `-C` options are given, each subsequent 551 non-absolute `-C <path>` is interpreted relative to the preceding `-C 552 <path>`. 553+ 554This option affects options that expect path name like `--git-dir` and 555`--work-tree` in that their interpretations of the path names would be 556made relative to the working directory caused by the `-C` option. For 557example the following invocations are equivalent: 558 559 git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=b -C c status 560 git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/b status 561 562-c <name>=<value>:: 563 Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value 564 given will override values from configuration files. 565 The <name> is expected in the same format as listed by 566 'git config' (subkeys separated by dots). 567+ 568Note that omitting the `=` in `git -c foo.bar ...` is allowed and sets 569`foo.bar` to the boolean true value (just like `[foo]bar` would in a 570config file). Including the equals but with an empty value (like `git -c 571foo.bar= ...`) sets `foo.bar` to the empty string. 572 573--exec-path[=<path>]:: 574 Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed. 575 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH 576 environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print 577 the current setting and then exit. 578 579--html-path:: 580 Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git's HTML 581 documentation is installed and exit. 582 583--man-path:: 584 Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for 585 this version of Git and exit. 586 587--info-path:: 588 Print the path where the Info files documenting this 589 version of Git are installed and exit. 590 591-p:: 592--paginate:: 593 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER) if standard 594 output is a terminal. This overrides the `pager.<cmd>` 595 configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section 596 below). 597 598--no-pager:: 599 Do not pipe Git output into a pager. 600 601--git-dir=<path>:: 602 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by 603 setting the `GIT_DIR` environment variable. It can be an absolute 604 path or relative path to current working directory. 605 606--work-tree=<path>:: 607 Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path 608 or a path relative to the current working directory. 609 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE 610 environment variable and the core.worktree configuration 611 variable (see core.worktree in linkgit:git-config[1] for a 612 more detailed discussion). 613 614--namespace=<path>:: 615 Set the Git namespace. See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more 616 details. Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment 617 variable. 618 619--super-prefix=<path>:: 620 Currently for internal use only. Set a prefix which gives a path from 621 above a repository down to its root. One use is to give submodules 622 context about the superproject that invoked it. 623 624--bare:: 625 Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR 626 environment is not set, it is set to the current working 627 directory. 628 629--no-replace-objects:: 630 Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects. See 631 linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information. 632 633--literal-pathspecs:: 634 Treat pathspecs literally (i.e. no globbing, no pathspec magic). 635 This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS` environment 636 variable to `1`. 637 638--glob-pathspecs:: 639 Add "glob" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting 640 the `GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Disabling 641 globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec 642 magic ":(literal)" 643 644--noglob-pathspecs:: 645 Add "literal" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting 646 the `GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Enabling 647 globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec 648 magic ":(glob)" 649 650--icase-pathspecs:: 651 Add "icase" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting 652 the `GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. 653 654GIT COMMANDS 655------------ 656 657We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level 658("plumbing") commands. 659 660High-level commands (porcelain) 661------------------------------- 662 663We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some 664ancillary user utilities. 665 666Main porcelain commands 667~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 668 669include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[] 670 671Ancillary Commands 672~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 673Manipulators: 674 675include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[] 676 677Interrogators: 678 679include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[] 680 681 682Interacting with Others 683~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 684 685These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other 686people via patch over e-mail. 687 688include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[] 689 690 691Low-level commands (plumbing) 692----------------------------- 693 694Although Git includes its 695own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support 696development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains 697might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and 698linkgit:git-read-tree[1]. 699 700The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics) 701to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable 702than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are 703primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands 704on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the 705end user experience. 706 707The following description divides 708the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in 709the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and 710compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between 711repositories. 712 713 714Manipulation commands 715~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 716 717include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[] 718 719 720Interrogation commands 721~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 722 723include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[] 724 725In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in 726the working tree. 727 728 729Synching repositories 730~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 731 732include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[] 733 734The following are helper commands used by the above; end users 735typically do not use them directly. 736 737include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[] 738 739 740Internal helper commands 741~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 742 743These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end 744users typically do not use them directly. 745 746include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[] 747 748 749Configuration Mechanism 750----------------------- 751 752Git uses a simple text format to store customizations that are per 753repository and are per user. Such a configuration file may look 754like this: 755 756------------ 757# 758# A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment. 759# 760 761; core variables 762[core] 763 ; Don't trust file modes 764 filemode = false 765 766; user identity 767[user] 768 name = "Junio C Hamano" 769 email = "gitster@pobox.com" 770 771------------ 772 773Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust 774their operation accordingly. See linkgit:git-config[1] for a 775list and more details about the configuration mechanism. 776 777 778Identifier Terminology 779---------------------- 780<object>:: 781 Indicates the object name for any type of object. 782 783<blob>:: 784 Indicates a blob object name. 785 786<tree>:: 787 Indicates a tree object name. 788 789<commit>:: 790 Indicates a commit object name. 791 792<tree-ish>:: 793 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A 794 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to 795 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences 796 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>. 797 798<commit-ish>:: 799 Indicates a commit or tag object name. A 800 command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to 801 operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences 802 <tag> objects that point at a <commit>. 803 804<type>:: 805 Indicates that an object type is required. 806 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`. 807 808<file>:: 809 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the 810 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes. 811 812Symbolic Identifiers 813-------------------- 814Any Git command accepting any <object> can also use the following 815symbolic notation: 816 817HEAD:: 818 indicates the head of the current branch. 819 820<tag>:: 821 a valid tag 'name' 822 (i.e. a `refs/tags/<tag>` reference). 823 824<head>:: 825 a valid head 'name' 826 (i.e. a `refs/heads/<head>` reference). 827 828For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see 829"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7]. 830 831 832File/Directory Structure 833------------------------ 834 835Please see the linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] document. 836 837Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about each hook. 838 839Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the 840`$GIT_DIR`. 841 842 843Terminology 844----------- 845Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7]. 846 847 848Environment Variables 849--------------------- 850Various Git commands use the following environment variables: 851 852The Git Repository 853~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 854These environment variables apply to 'all' core Git commands. Nb: it 855is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above 856Git so take care if using a foreign front-end. 857 858`GIT_INDEX_FILE`:: 859 This environment allows the specification of an alternate 860 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index` 861 is used. 862 863`GIT_INDEX_VERSION`:: 864 This environment variable allows the specification of an index 865 version for new repositories. It won't affect existing index 866 files. By default index file version 2 or 3 is used. See 867 linkgit:git-update-index[1] for more information. 868 869`GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY`:: 870 If the object storage directory is specified via this 871 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created 872 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects` 873 directory is used. 874 875`GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES`:: 876 Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be 877 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable 878 specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list 879 of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git 880 objects. New objects will not be written to these directories. 881+ 882 Entries that begin with `"` (double-quote) will be interpreted 883 as C-style quoted paths, removing leading and trailing 884 double-quotes and respecting backslash escapes. E.g., the value 885 `"path-with-\"-and-:-in-it":vanilla-path` has two paths: 886 `path-with-"-and-:-in-it` and `vanilla-path`. 887 888`GIT_DIR`:: 889 If the `GIT_DIR` environment variable is set then it 890 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git` 891 for the base of the repository. 892 The `--git-dir` command-line option also sets this value. 893 894`GIT_WORK_TREE`:: 895 Set the path to the root of the working tree. 896 This can also be controlled by the `--work-tree` command-line 897 option and the core.worktree configuration variable. 898 899`GIT_NAMESPACE`:: 900 Set the Git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details. 901 The `--namespace` command-line option also sets this value. 902 903`GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`:: 904 This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths. If 905 set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up 906 into while looking for a repository directory (useful for 907 excluding slow-loading network directories). It will not 908 exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the 909 command line or in the environment. Normally, Git has to read 910 the entries in this list and resolve any symlink that 911 might be present in order to compare them with the current 912 directory. However, if even this access is slow, you 913 can add an empty entry to the list to tell Git that the 914 subsequent entries are not symlinks and needn't be resolved; 915 e.g., 916 `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink`. 917 918`GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM`:: 919 When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository 920 directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent 921 directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it 922 does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable 923 can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem 924 boundaries. Like `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`, this will not affect 925 an explicit repository directory set via `GIT_DIR` or on the 926 command line. 927 928`GIT_COMMON_DIR`:: 929 If this variable is set to a path, non-worktree files that are 930 normally in $GIT_DIR will be taken from this path 931 instead. Worktree-specific files such as HEAD or index are 932 taken from $GIT_DIR. See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] and 933 linkgit:git-worktree[1] for 934 details. This variable has lower precedence than other path 935 variables such as GIT_INDEX_FILE, GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY... 936 937Git Commits 938~~~~~~~~~~~ 939`GIT_AUTHOR_NAME`:: 940`GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL`:: 941`GIT_AUTHOR_DATE`:: 942`GIT_COMMITTER_NAME`:: 943`GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL`:: 944`GIT_COMMITTER_DATE`:: 945'EMAIL':: 946 see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] 947 948Git Diffs 949~~~~~~~~~ 950`GIT_DIFF_OPTS`:: 951 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the 952 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created. 953 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option 954 value passed on the Git diff command line. 955 956`GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF`:: 957 When the environment variable `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is set, the 958 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation 959 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified, 960 `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 7 parameters: 961 962 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode 963+ 964where: 965 966 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the 967 contents of <old|new>, 968 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA-1 hashes, 969 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes. 970+ 971The file parameters can point at the user's working file 972(e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file` 973when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the 974index). `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` should not worry about unlinking the 975temporary file --- it is removed when `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` exits. 976+ 977For a path that is unmerged, `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 1 978parameter, <path>. 979+ 980For each path `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called, two environment variables, 981`GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER` and `GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL` are set. 982 983`GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER`:: 984 A 1-based counter incremented by one for every path. 985 986`GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL`:: 987 The total number of paths. 988 989other 990~~~~~ 991`GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY`:: 992 A number controlling the amount of output shown by 993 the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity. 994 See linkgit:git-merge[1] 995 996`GIT_PAGER`:: 997 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set 998 to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch 999 a pager. See also the `core.pager` option in1000 linkgit:git-config[1].10011002`GIT_EDITOR`::1003 This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`.1004 It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode,1005 an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1]1006 and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1].10071008`GIT_SSH`::1009`GIT_SSH_COMMAND`::1010 If either of these environment variables is set then 'git fetch'1011 and 'git push' will use the specified command instead of 'ssh'1012 when they need to connect to a remote system.1013 The command will be given exactly two or four arguments: the1014 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the shell1015 command to execute on that remote system, optionally preceded by1016 `-p` (literally) and the 'port' from the URL when it specifies1017 something other than the default SSH port.1018+1019`$GIT_SSH_COMMAND` takes precedence over `$GIT_SSH`, and is interpreted1020by the shell, which allows additional arguments to be included.1021`$GIT_SSH` on the other hand must be just the path to a program1022(which can be a wrapper shell script, if additional arguments are1023needed).1024+1025Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your1026personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation1027for further details.10281029`GIT_ASKPASS`::1030 If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to1031 acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)1032 will call this program with a suitable prompt as command-line argument1033 and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the `core.askPass`1034 option in linkgit:git-config[1].10351036`GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT`::1037 If this environment variable is set to `0`, git will not prompt1038 on the terminal (e.g., when asking for HTTP authentication).10391040`GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM`::1041 Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide1042 `$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file. This environment variable can1043 be used along with `$HOME` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to create a1044 predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it1045 temporarily to avoid using a buggy `/etc/gitconfig` file while1046 waiting for someone with sufficient permissions to fix it.10471048`GIT_FLUSH`::1049 If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such1050 as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',1051 'git check-attr' and 'git check-ignore' will1052 force a flush of the output stream after each record have been1053 flushed. If this1054 variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done1055 using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is1056 not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing1057 based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.10581059`GIT_TRACE`::1060 Enables general trace messages, e.g. alias expansion, built-in1061 command execution and external command execution.1062+1063If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison1064is case insensitive), trace messages will be printed to1065stderr.1066+1067If the variable is set to an integer value greater than 21068and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this1069value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the1070trace messages into this file descriptor.1071+1072Alternatively, if the variable is set to an absolute path1073(starting with a '/' character), Git will interpret this1074as a file path and will try to write the trace messages1075into it.1076+1077Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or1078"false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages.10791080`GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS`::1081 Enables trace messages for all accesses to any packs. For each1082 access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is1083 recorded. This may be helpful for troubleshooting some1084 pack-related performance problems.1085 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.10861087`GIT_TRACE_PACKET`::1088 Enables trace messages for all packets coming in or out of a1089 given program. This can help with debugging object negotiation1090 or other protocol issues. Tracing is turned off at a packet1091 starting with "PACK" (but see `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE` below).1092 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.10931094`GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE`::1095 Enables tracing of packfiles sent or received by a1096 given program. Unlike other trace output, this trace is1097 verbatim: no headers, and no quoting of binary data. You almost1098 certainly want to direct into a file (e.g.,1099 `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE=/tmp/my.pack`) rather than displaying it on1100 the terminal or mixing it with other trace output.1101+1102Note that this is currently only implemented for the client side1103of clones and fetches.11041105`GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE`::1106 Enables performance related trace messages, e.g. total execution1107 time of each Git command.1108 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.11091110`GIT_TRACE_SETUP`::1111 Enables trace messages printing the .git, working tree and current1112 working directory after Git has completed its setup phase.1113 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.11141115`GIT_TRACE_SHALLOW`::1116 Enables trace messages that can help debugging fetching /1117 cloning of shallow repositories.1118 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.11191120`GIT_TRACE_CURL`::1121 Enables a curl full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data,1122 including descriptive information, of the git transport protocol.1123 This is similar to doing curl `--trace-ascii` on the command line.1124 This option overrides setting the `GIT_CURL_VERBOSE` environment1125 variable.1126 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.11271128`GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS`::1129 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all1130 pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example,1131 running `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'` will search1132 for commits that touch the path `*.c`, not any paths that the1133 glob `*.c` matches. You might want this if you are feeding1134 literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by1135 `git ls-tree`, `--raw` diff output, etc).11361137`GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS`::1138 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all1139 pathspecs as glob patterns (aka "glob" magic).11401141`GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS`::1142 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all1143 pathspecs as literal (aka "literal" magic).11441145`GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS`::1146 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all1147 pathspecs as case-insensitive.11481149`GIT_REFLOG_ACTION`::1150 When a ref is updated, reflog entries are created to keep1151 track of the reason why the ref was updated (which is1152 typically the name of the high-level command that updated1153 the ref), in addition to the old and new values of the ref.1154 A scripted Porcelain command can use set_reflog_action1155 helper function in `git-sh-setup` to set its name to this1156 variable when it is invoked as the top level command by the1157 end user, to be recorded in the body of the reflog.11581159`GIT_REF_PARANOIA`::1160 If set to `1`, include broken or badly named refs when iterating1161 over lists of refs. In a normal, non-corrupted repository, this1162 does nothing. However, enabling it may help git to detect and1163 abort some operations in the presence of broken refs. Git sets1164 this variable automatically when performing destructive1165 operations like linkgit:git-prune[1]. You should not need to set1166 it yourself unless you want to be paranoid about making sure1167 an operation has touched every ref (e.g., because you are1168 cloning a repository to make a backup).11691170`GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL`::1171 If set to a colon-separated list of protocols, behave as if1172 `protocol.allow` is set to `never`, and each of the listed1173 protocols has `protocol.<name>.allow` set to `always`1174 (overriding any existing configuration). In other words, any1175 protocol not mentioned will be disallowed (i.e., this is a1176 whitelist, not a blacklist). See the description of1177 `protocol.allow` in linkgit:git-config[1] for more details.11781179`GIT_PROTOCOL_FROM_USER`::1180 Set to 0 to prevent protocols used by fetch/push/clone which are1181 configured to the `user` state. This is useful to restrict recursive1182 submodule initialization from an untrusted repository or for programs1183 which feed potentially-untrusted URLS to git commands. See1184 linkgit:git-config[1] for more details.11851186Discussion[[Discussion]]1187------------------------11881189More detail on the following is available from the1190link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the1191user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].11921193A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"1194subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other1195things, a compressed object database representing the complete history1196of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current1197contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such1198as tags and branch heads.11991200The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which1201hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up1202directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree1203and some number of parent commits.12041205The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or1206"version", represents a step in the project's history, and each parent1207represents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one1208parent represent merges of independent lines of development.12091210All objects are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, normally1211written as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique.1212The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing1213just that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this1214purpose.12151216When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for1217efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".12181219Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref1220may contain the SHA-1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs1221with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA-1 name of the most1222recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA-1 names of1223tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`. A special ref named1224`HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.12251226The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each1227path, a blob object and a set of attributes. The blob object represents1228the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch. The1229attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the1230corresponding file in the working tree. Subsequent changes to the1231working tree can be found by comparing these attributes. The index may1232be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the1233content stored in the index.12341235The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")1236for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various1237unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.12381239FURTHER DOCUMENTATION1240---------------------12411242See the references in the "description" section to get started1243using Git. The following is probably more detail than necessary1244for a first-time user.12451246The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the1247user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide1248introductions to the underlying Git architecture.12491250See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.12511252See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful1253examples.12541255The internals are documented in the1256link:technical/api-index.html[Git API documentation].12571258Users migrating from CVS may also want to1259read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].126012611262Authors1263-------1264Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio1265C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list1266<git@vger.kernel.org>. http://www.openhub.net/p/git/contributors/summary1267gives you a more complete list of contributors.12681269If you have a clone of git.git itself, the1270output of linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1] can show you1271the authors for specific parts of the project.12721273Reporting Bugs1274--------------12751276Report bugs to the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org> where the1277development and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be1278subscribed to the list to send a message there.12791280SEE ALSO1281--------1282linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],1283linkgit:giteveryday[7], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],1284linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],1285linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual],1286linkgit:gitworkflows[7]12871288GIT1289---1290Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite