COPYINGon commit Force writing ref if it doesn't exist. (732232a)
   1
   2 Note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as this project
   3 is concerned is _this_ particular version of the license (ie v2, not
   4 v2.2 or v3.x or whatever), unless explicitly otherwise stated.
   5
   6 HOWEVER, in order to allow a migration to GPLv3 if that seems like
   7 a good idea, I also ask that people involved with the project make
   8 their preferences known. In particular, if you trust me to make that
   9 decision, you might note so in your copyright message, ie something
  10 like
  11
  12        This file is licensed under the GPL v2, or a later version
  13        at the discretion of Linus.
  14
  15  might avoid issues. But we can also just decide to synchronize and
  16  contact all copyright holders on record if/when the occasion arises.
  17
  18                        Linus Torvalds
  19
  20----------------------------------------
  21
  22                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
  23                       Version 2, June 1991
  24
  25 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
  26                       59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
  27 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
  28 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
  29
  30                            Preamble
  31
  32  The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
  33freedom to share and change it.  By contrast, the GNU General Public
  34License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
  35software--to make sure the software is free for all its users.  This
  36General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
  37Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
  38using it.  (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
  39the GNU Library General Public License instead.)  You can apply it to
  40your programs, too.
  41
  42  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
  43price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
  44have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
  45this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
  46if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
  47in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
  48
  49  To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
  50anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.
  51These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
  52distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
  53
  54  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
  55gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that
  56you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
  57source code.  And you must show them these terms so they know their
  58rights.
  59
  60  We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and
  61(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy,
  62distribute and/or modify the software.
  63
  64  Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain
  65that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free
  66software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we
  67want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so
  68that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original
  69authors' reputations.
  70
  71  Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software
  72patents.  We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free
  73program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the
  74program proprietary.  To prevent this, we have made it clear that any
  75patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.
  76
  77  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
  78modification follow.
  79\f
  80                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
  81   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
  82
  83  0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains
  84a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed
  85under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below,
  86refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program"
  87means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law:
  88that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it,
  89either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another
  90language.  (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in
  91the term "modification".)  Each licensee is addressed as "you".
  92
  93Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not
  94covered by this License; they are outside its scope.  The act of
  95running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program
  96is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the
  97Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).
  98Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.
  99
 100  1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's
 101source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you
 102conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate
 103copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the
 104notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty;
 105and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License
 106along with the Program.
 107
 108You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and
 109you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.
 110
 111  2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion
 112of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and
 113distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1
 114above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
 115
 116    a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices
 117    stating that you changed the files and the date of any change.
 118
 119    b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in
 120    whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any
 121    part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third
 122    parties under the terms of this License.
 123
 124    c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively
 125    when run, you must cause it, when started running for such
 126    interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an
 127    announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a
 128    notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide
 129    a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under
 130    these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this
 131    License.  (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but
 132    does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on
 133    the Program is not required to print an announcement.)
 134\f
 135These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole.  If
 136identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program,
 137and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in
 138themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those
 139sections when you distribute them as separate works.  But when you
 140distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based
 141on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of
 142this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the
 143entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it.
 144
 145Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest
 146your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to
 147exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or
 148collective works based on the Program.
 149
 150In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program
 151with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of
 152a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under
 153the scope of this License.
 154
 155  3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
 156under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of
 157Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:
 158
 159    a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable
 160    source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections
 161    1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,
 162
 163    b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three
 164    years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your
 165    cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete
 166    machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be
 167    distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium
 168    customarily used for software interchange; or,
 169
 170    c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer
 171    to distribute corresponding source code.  (This alternative is
 172    allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you
 173    received the program in object code or executable form with such
 174    an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)
 175
 176The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for
 177making modifications to it.  For an executable work, complete source
 178code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any
 179associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to
 180control compilation and installation of the executable.  However, as a
 181special exception, the source code distributed need not include
 182anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
 183form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
 184operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component
 185itself accompanies the executable.
 186
 187If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering
 188access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent
 189access to copy the source code from the same place counts as
 190distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not
 191compelled to copy the source along with the object code.
 192\f
 193  4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program
 194except as expressly provided under this License.  Any attempt
 195otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is
 196void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
 197However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under
 198this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such
 199parties remain in full compliance.
 200
 201  5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not
 202signed it.  However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or
 203distribute the Program or its derivative works.  These actions are
 204prohibited by law if you do not accept this License.  Therefore, by
 205modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the
 206Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and
 207all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying
 208the Program or works based on it.
 209
 210  6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the
 211Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the
 212original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to
 213these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further
 214restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.
 215You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to
 216this License.
 217
 218  7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent
 219infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues),
 220conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
 221otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
 222excuse you from the conditions of this License.  If you cannot
 223distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
 224License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you
 225may not distribute the Program at all.  For example, if a patent
 226license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by
 227all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then
 228the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to
 229refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.
 230
 231If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under
 232any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to
 233apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other
 234circumstances.
 235
 236It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any
 237patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any
 238such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the
 239integrity of the free software distribution system, which is
 240implemented by public license practices.  Many people have made
 241generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed
 242through that system in reliance on consistent application of that
 243system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing
 244to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot
 245impose that choice.
 246
 247This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to
 248be a consequence of the rest of this License.
 249\f
 250  8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in
 251certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the
 252original copyright holder who places the Program under this License
 253may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding
 254those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among
 255countries not thus excluded.  In such case, this License incorporates
 256the limitation as if written in the body of this License.
 257
 258  9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions
 259of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will
 260be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
 261address new problems or concerns.
 262
 263Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program
 264specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any
 265later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions
 266either of that version or of any later version published by the Free
 267Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of
 268this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software
 269Foundation.
 270
 271  10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free
 272programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author
 273to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free
 274Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes
 275make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals
 276of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and
 277of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.
 278
 279                            NO WARRANTY
 280
 281  11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY
 282FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN
 283OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES
 284PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED
 285OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
 286MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS
 287TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE
 288PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING,
 289REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
 290
 291  12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
 292WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR
 293REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES,
 294INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING
 295OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED
 296TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY
 297YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER
 298PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE
 299POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
 300
 301                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
 302\f
 303            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
 304
 305  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
 306possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
 307free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
 308
 309  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
 310to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
 311convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
 312the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
 313
 314    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
 315    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
 316
 317    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 318    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 319    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 320    (at your option) any later version.
 321
 322    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 323    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 324    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 325    GNU General Public License for more details.
 326
 327    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 328    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 329    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307  USA
 330
 331
 332Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
 333
 334If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this
 335when it starts in an interactive mode:
 336
 337    Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author
 338    Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
 339    This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
 340    under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
 341
 342The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
 343parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may
 344be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be
 345mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program.
 346
 347You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your
 348school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if
 349necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:
 350
 351  Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
 352  `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
 353
 354  <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989
 355  Ty Coon, President of Vice
 356
 357This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into
 358proprietary programs.  If your program is a subroutine library, you may
 359consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the
 360library.  If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General
 361Public License instead of this License.