1git-reset(1) 2============ 3 4NAME 5---- 6git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state 7 8SYNOPSIS 9-------- 10[verse] 11'git-reset' [--mixed | --soft | --hard] [<commit>] 12'git-reset' [--mixed] <commit> [--] <paths>... 13 14DESCRIPTION 15----------- 16Sets the current head to the specified commit and optionally resets the 17index and working tree to match. 18 19This command is useful if you notice some small error in a recent 20commit (or set of commits) and want to redo that part without showing 21the undo in the history. 22 23If you want to undo a commit other than the latest on a branch, 24gitlink:git-revert[1] is your friend. 25 26The second form with 'paths' is used to revert selected paths in 27the index from a given commit, without moving HEAD. 28 29 30OPTIONS 31------- 32--mixed:: 33 Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files 34 are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not 35 been updated. This is the default action. 36 37--soft:: 38 Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all, but 39 requires them to be in a good order. This leaves all your changed 40 files "Added but not yet committed", as gitlink:git-status[1] would 41 put it. 42 43--hard:: 44 Matches the working tree and index to that of the tree being 45 switched to. Any changes to tracked files in the working tree 46 since <commit> are lost. 47 48<commit>:: 49 Commit to make the current HEAD. 50 51Examples 52-------- 53 54Undo a commit and redo:: 55+ 56------------ 57$ git commit ... 58$ git reset --soft HEAD^ <1> 59$ edit <2> 60$ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <3> 61------------ 62+ 63<1> This is most often done when you remembered what you 64just committed is incomplete, or you misspelled your commit 65message, or both. Leaves working tree as it was before "reset". 66<2> make corrections to working tree files. 67<3> "reset" copies the old head to .git/ORIG_HEAD; redo the 68commit by starting with its log message. If you do not need to 69edit the message further, you can give -C option instead. 70 71Undo commits permanently:: 72+ 73------------ 74$ git commit ... 75$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <1> 76------------ 77+ 78<1> The last three commits (HEAD, HEAD^, and HEAD~2) were bad 79and you do not want to ever see them again. Do *not* do this if 80you have already given these commits to somebody else. 81 82Undo a commit, making it a topic branch:: 83+ 84------------ 85$ git branch topic/wip <1> 86$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <2> 87$ git checkout topic/wip <3> 88------------ 89+ 90<1> You have made some commits, but realize they were premature 91to be in the "master" branch. You want to continue polishing 92them in a topic branch, so create "topic/wip" branch off of the 93current HEAD. 94<2> Rewind the master branch to get rid of those three commits. 95<3> Switch to "topic/wip" branch and keep working. 96 97Undo add:: 98+ 99------------ 100$ edit <1> 101$ git add frotz.c filfre.c 102$ mailx <2> 103$ git reset <3> 104$ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol <4> 105------------ 106+ 107<1> you are happily working on something, and find the changes 108in these files are in good order. You do not want to see them 109when you run "git diff", because you plan to work on other files 110and changes with these files are distracting. 111<2> somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging. 112<3> however, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does 113not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going 114to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the 115index changes for these two files. Your changes in working tree 116remain there. 117<4> then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c 118changes still in the working tree. 119 120Undo a merge or pull:: 121+ 122------------ 123$ git pull <1> 124Auto-merging nitfol 125CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in nitfol 126Automatic merge failed/prevented; fix up by hand 127$ git reset --hard <2> 128$ git pull . topic/branch <3> 129Updating from 41223... to 13134... 130Fast forward 131$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <4> 132------------ 133+ 134<1> try to update from the upstream resulted in a lot of 135conflicts; you were not ready to spend a lot of time merging 136right now, so you decide to do that later. 137<2> "pull" has not made merge commit, so "git reset --hard" 138which is a synonym for "git reset --hard HEAD" clears the mess 139from the index file and the working tree. 140<3> merge a topic branch into the current branch, which resulted 141in a fast forward. 142<4> but you decided that the topic branch is not ready for public 143consumption yet. "pull" or "merge" always leaves the original 144tip of the current branch in ORIG_HEAD, so resetting hard to it 145brings your index file and the working tree back to that state, 146and resets the tip of the branch to that commit. 147 148Interrupted workflow:: 149+ 150Suppose you are interrupted by an urgent fix request while you 151are in the middle of a large change. The files in your 152working tree are not in any shape to be committed yet, but you 153need to get to the other branch for a quick bugfix. 154+ 155------------ 156$ git checkout feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and 157$ work work work ;# got interrupted 158$ git commit -a -m 'snapshot WIP' <1> 159$ git checkout master 160$ fix fix fix 161$ git commit ;# commit with real log 162$ git checkout feature 163$ git reset --soft HEAD^ ;# go back to WIP state <2> 164$ git reset <3> 165------------ 166+ 167<1> This commit will get blown away so a throw-away log message is OK. 168<2> This removes the 'WIP' commit from the commit history, and sets 169 your working tree to the state just before you made that snapshot. 170<3> At this point the index file still has all the WIP changes you 171 committed as 'snapshot WIP'. This updates the index to show your 172 WIP files as uncommitted. 173 174Author 175------ 176Written by Junio C Hamano <junkio@cox.net> and Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> 177 178Documentation 179-------------- 180Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. 181 182GIT 183--- 184Part of the gitlink:git[7] suite