Documentation / git-clone.txton commit Merge branch 'cn/maint-branch-with-bad' (7d47367)
   1git-clone(1)
   2============
   3
   4NAME
   5----
   6git-clone - Clone a repository into a new directory
   7
   8
   9SYNOPSIS
  10--------
  11[verse]
  12'git clone' [--template=<template_directory>]
  13          [-l] [-s] [--no-hardlinks] [-q] [-n] [--bare] [--mirror]
  14          [-o <name>] [-b <name>] [-u <upload-pack>] [--reference <repository>]
  15          [--separate-git-dir <git dir>]
  16          [--depth <depth>] [--[no-]single-branch]
  17          [--recursive|--recurse-submodules] [--] <repository>
  18          [<directory>]
  19
  20DESCRIPTION
  21-----------
  22
  23Clones a repository into a newly created directory, creates
  24remote-tracking branches for each branch in the cloned repository
  25(visible using `git branch -r`), and creates and checks out an
  26initial branch that is forked from the cloned repository's
  27currently active branch.
  28
  29After the clone, a plain `git fetch` without arguments will update
  30all the remote-tracking branches, and a `git pull` without
  31arguments will in addition merge the remote master branch into the
  32current master branch, if any.
  33
  34This default configuration is achieved by creating references to
  35the remote branch heads under `refs/remotes/origin` and
  36by initializing `remote.origin.url` and `remote.origin.fetch`
  37configuration variables.
  38
  39
  40OPTIONS
  41-------
  42--local::
  43-l::
  44        When the repository to clone from is on a local machine,
  45        this flag bypasses the normal "git aware" transport
  46        mechanism and clones the repository by making a copy of
  47        HEAD and everything under objects and refs directories.
  48        The files under `.git/objects/` directory are hardlinked
  49        to save space when possible.  This is now the default when
  50        the source repository is specified with `/path/to/repo`
  51        syntax, so it essentially is a no-op option.  To force
  52        copying instead of hardlinking (which may be desirable
  53        if you are trying to make a back-up of your repository),
  54        but still avoid the usual "git aware" transport
  55        mechanism, `--no-hardlinks` can be used.
  56
  57--no-hardlinks::
  58        Optimize the cloning process from a repository on a
  59        local filesystem by copying files under `.git/objects`
  60        directory.
  61
  62--shared::
  63-s::
  64        When the repository to clone is on the local machine,
  65        instead of using hard links, automatically setup
  66        `.git/objects/info/alternates` to share the objects
  67        with the source repository.  The resulting repository
  68        starts out without any object of its own.
  69+
  70*NOTE*: this is a possibly dangerous operation; do *not* use
  71it unless you understand what it does. If you clone your
  72repository using this option and then delete branches (or use any
  73other git command that makes any existing commit unreferenced) in the
  74source repository, some objects may become unreferenced (or dangling).
  75These objects may be removed by normal git operations (such as `git commit`)
  76which automatically call `git gc --auto`. (See linkgit:git-gc[1].)
  77If these objects are removed and were referenced by the cloned repository,
  78then the cloned repository will become corrupt.
  79+
  80Note that running `git repack` without the `-l` option in a repository
  81cloned with `-s` will copy objects from the source repository into a pack
  82in the cloned repository, removing the disk space savings of `clone -s`.
  83It is safe, however, to run `git gc`, which uses the `-l` option by
  84default.
  85+
  86If you want to break the dependency of a repository cloned with `-s` on
  87its source repository, you can simply run `git repack -a` to copy all
  88objects from the source repository into a pack in the cloned repository.
  89
  90--reference <repository>::
  91        If the reference repository is on the local machine,
  92        automatically setup `.git/objects/info/alternates` to
  93        obtain objects from the reference repository.  Using
  94        an already existing repository as an alternate will
  95        require fewer objects to be copied from the repository
  96        being cloned, reducing network and local storage costs.
  97+
  98*NOTE*: see the NOTE for the `--shared` option.
  99
 100--quiet::
 101-q::
 102        Operate quietly.  Progress is not reported to the standard
 103        error stream. This flag is also passed to the `rsync'
 104        command when given.
 105
 106--verbose::
 107-v::
 108        Run verbosely. Does not affect the reporting of progress status
 109        to the standard error stream.
 110
 111--progress::
 112        Progress status is reported on the standard error stream
 113        by default when it is attached to a terminal, unless -q
 114        is specified. This flag forces progress status even if the
 115        standard error stream is not directed to a terminal.
 116
 117--no-checkout::
 118-n::
 119        No checkout of HEAD is performed after the clone is complete.
 120
 121--bare::
 122        Make a 'bare' GIT repository.  That is, instead of
 123        creating `<directory>` and placing the administrative
 124        files in `<directory>/.git`, make the `<directory>`
 125        itself the `$GIT_DIR`. This obviously implies the `-n`
 126        because there is nowhere to check out the working tree.
 127        Also the branch heads at the remote are copied directly
 128        to corresponding local branch heads, without mapping
 129        them to `refs/remotes/origin/`.  When this option is
 130        used, neither remote-tracking branches nor the related
 131        configuration variables are created.
 132
 133--mirror::
 134        Set up a mirror of the source repository.  This implies `--bare`.
 135        Compared to `--bare`, `--mirror` not only maps local branches of the
 136        source to local branches of the target, it maps all refs (including
 137        remote-tracking branches, notes etc.) and sets up a refspec configuration such
 138        that all these refs are overwritten by a `git remote update` in the
 139        target repository.
 140
 141--origin <name>::
 142-o <name>::
 143        Instead of using the remote name `origin` to keep track
 144        of the upstream repository, use `<name>`.
 145
 146--branch <name>::
 147-b <name>::
 148        Instead of pointing the newly created HEAD to the branch pointed
 149        to by the cloned repository's HEAD, point to `<name>` branch
 150        instead. `--branch` can also take tags and treat them like
 151        detached HEAD. In a non-bare repository, this is the branch
 152        that will be checked out.
 153
 154--upload-pack <upload-pack>::
 155-u <upload-pack>::
 156        When given, and the repository to clone from is accessed
 157        via ssh, this specifies a non-default path for the command
 158        run on the other end.
 159
 160--template=<template_directory>::
 161        Specify the directory from which templates will be used;
 162        (See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section of linkgit:git-init[1].)
 163
 164--config <key>=<value>::
 165-c <key>=<value>::
 166        Set a configuration variable in the newly-created repository;
 167        this takes effect immediately after the repository is
 168        initialized, but before the remote history is fetched or any
 169        files checked out.  The key is in the same format as expected by
 170        linkgit:git-config[1] (e.g., `core.eol=true`). If multiple
 171        values are given for the same key, each value will be written to
 172        the config file. This makes it safe, for example, to add
 173        additional fetch refspecs to the origin remote.
 174
 175--depth <depth>::
 176        Create a 'shallow' clone with a history truncated to the
 177        specified number of revisions.  A shallow repository has a
 178        number of limitations (you cannot clone or fetch from
 179        it, nor push from nor into it), but is adequate if you
 180        are only interested in the recent history of a large project
 181        with a long history, and would want to send in fixes
 182        as patches.
 183
 184--single-branch::
 185        Clone only the history leading to the tip of a single branch,
 186        either specified by the `--branch` option or the primary
 187        branch remote's `HEAD` points at. When creating a shallow
 188        clone with the `--depth` option, this is the default, unless
 189        `--no-single-branch` is given to fetch the histories near the
 190        tips of all branches.
 191
 192--recursive::
 193--recurse-submodules::
 194        After the clone is created, initialize all submodules within,
 195        using their default settings. This is equivalent to running
 196        `git submodule update --init --recursive` immediately after
 197        the clone is finished. This option is ignored if the cloned
 198        repository does not have a worktree/checkout (i.e. if any of
 199        `--no-checkout`/`-n`, `--bare`, or `--mirror` is given)
 200
 201--separate-git-dir=<git dir>::
 202        Instead of placing the cloned repository where it is supposed
 203        to be, place the cloned repository at the specified directory,
 204        then make a filesytem-agnostic git symbolic link to there.
 205        The result is git repository can be separated from working
 206        tree.
 207
 208
 209<repository>::
 210        The (possibly remote) repository to clone from.  See the
 211        <<URLS,URLS>> section below for more information on specifying
 212        repositories.
 213
 214<directory>::
 215        The name of a new directory to clone into.  The "humanish"
 216        part of the source repository is used if no directory is
 217        explicitly given (`repo` for `/path/to/repo.git` and `foo`
 218        for `host.xz:foo/.git`).  Cloning into an existing directory
 219        is only allowed if the directory is empty.
 220
 221:git-clone: 1
 222include::urls.txt[]
 223
 224Examples
 225--------
 226
 227* Clone from upstream:
 228+
 229------------
 230$ git clone git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.6 my2.6
 231$ cd my2.6
 232$ make
 233------------
 234
 235
 236* Make a local clone that borrows from the current directory, without checking things out:
 237+
 238------------
 239$ git clone -l -s -n . ../copy
 240$ cd ../copy
 241$ git show-branch
 242------------
 243
 244
 245* Clone from upstream while borrowing from an existing local directory:
 246+
 247------------
 248$ git clone --reference my2.6 \
 249        git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/.../linux-2.7 \
 250        my2.7
 251$ cd my2.7
 252------------
 253
 254
 255* Create a bare repository to publish your changes to the public:
 256+
 257------------
 258$ git clone --bare -l /home/proj/.git /pub/scm/proj.git
 259------------
 260
 261
 262* Create a repository on the kernel.org machine that borrows from Linus:
 263+
 264------------
 265$ git clone --bare -l -s /pub/scm/.../torvalds/linux-2.6.git \
 266    /pub/scm/.../me/subsys-2.6.git
 267------------
 268
 269GIT
 270---
 271Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite