1git-reset(1) 2============ 3 4NAME 5---- 6git-reset - Reset current HEAD to the specified state 7 8SYNOPSIS 9-------- 10[verse] 11'git reset' [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge] [-q] [<commit>] 12'git reset' [-q] [<commit>] [--] <paths>... 13'git reset' --patch [<commit>] [--] [<paths>...] 14 15DESCRIPTION 16----------- 17Sets the current head to the specified commit and optionally resets the 18index and working tree to match. 19 20This command is useful if you notice some small error in a recent 21commit (or set of commits) and want to redo that part without showing 22the undo in the history. 23 24If you want to undo a commit other than the latest on a branch, 25linkgit:git-revert[1] is your friend. 26 27The second and third forms with 'paths' and/or --patch are used to 28revert selected paths in the index from a given commit, without moving 29HEAD. 30 31 32OPTIONS 33------- 34--mixed:: 35 Resets the index but not the working tree (i.e., the changed files 36 are preserved but not marked for commit) and reports what has not 37 been updated. This is the default action. 38 39--soft:: 40 Does not touch the index file nor the working tree at all, but 41 requires them to be in a good order. This leaves all your changed 42 files "Changes to be committed", as 'git-status' would 43 put it. 44 45--hard:: 46 Matches the working tree and index to that of the tree being 47 switched to. Any changes to tracked files in the working tree 48 since <commit> are lost. 49 50--merge:: 51 Resets the index to match the tree recorded by the named commit, 52 and updates the files that are different between the named commit 53 and the current commit in the working tree. 54 55-p:: 56--patch:: 57 Interactively select hunks in the difference between the index 58 and <commit> (defaults to HEAD). The chosen hunks are applied 59 in reverse to the index. 60+ 61This means that `git reset -p` is the opposite of `git add -p` (see 62linkgit:git-add[1]). 63 64-q:: 65 Be quiet, only report errors. 66 67<commit>:: 68 Commit to make the current HEAD. If not given defaults to HEAD. 69 70Examples 71-------- 72 73Undo a commit and redo:: 74+ 75------------ 76$ git commit ... 77$ git reset --soft HEAD^ <1> 78$ edit <2> 79$ git commit -a -c ORIG_HEAD <3> 80------------ 81+ 82<1> This is most often done when you remembered what you 83just committed is incomplete, or you misspelled your commit 84message, or both. Leaves working tree as it was before "reset". 85<2> Make corrections to working tree files. 86<3> "reset" copies the old head to .git/ORIG_HEAD; redo the 87commit by starting with its log message. If you do not need to 88edit the message further, you can give -C option instead. 89+ 90See also the --amend option to linkgit:git-commit[1]. 91 92Undo commits permanently:: 93+ 94------------ 95$ git commit ... 96$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <1> 97------------ 98+ 99<1> The last three commits (HEAD, HEAD^, and HEAD~2) were bad 100and you do not want to ever see them again. Do *not* do this if 101you have already given these commits to somebody else. (See the 102"RECOVERING FROM UPSTREAM REBASE" section in linkgit:git-rebase[1] for 103the implications of doing so.) 104 105Undo a commit, making it a topic branch:: 106+ 107------------ 108$ git branch topic/wip <1> 109$ git reset --hard HEAD~3 <2> 110$ git checkout topic/wip <3> 111------------ 112+ 113<1> You have made some commits, but realize they were premature 114to be in the "master" branch. You want to continue polishing 115them in a topic branch, so create "topic/wip" branch off of the 116current HEAD. 117<2> Rewind the master branch to get rid of those three commits. 118<3> Switch to "topic/wip" branch and keep working. 119 120Undo add:: 121+ 122------------ 123$ edit <1> 124$ git add frotz.c filfre.c 125$ mailx <2> 126$ git reset <3> 127$ git pull git://info.example.com/ nitfol <4> 128------------ 129+ 130<1> You are happily working on something, and find the changes 131in these files are in good order. You do not want to see them 132when you run "git diff", because you plan to work on other files 133and changes with these files are distracting. 134<2> Somebody asks you to pull, and the changes sounds worthy of merging. 135<3> However, you already dirtied the index (i.e. your index does 136not match the HEAD commit). But you know the pull you are going 137to make does not affect frotz.c nor filfre.c, so you revert the 138index changes for these two files. Your changes in working tree 139remain there. 140<4> Then you can pull and merge, leaving frotz.c and filfre.c 141changes still in the working tree. 142 143Undo a merge or pull:: 144+ 145------------ 146$ git pull <1> 147Auto-merging nitfol 148CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in nitfol 149Automatic merge failed; fix conflicts and then commit the result. 150$ git reset --hard <2> 151$ git pull . topic/branch <3> 152Updating from 41223... to 13134... 153Fast-forward 154$ git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD <4> 155------------ 156+ 157<1> Try to update from the upstream resulted in a lot of 158conflicts; you were not ready to spend a lot of time merging 159right now, so you decide to do that later. 160<2> "pull" has not made merge commit, so "git reset --hard" 161which is a synonym for "git reset --hard HEAD" clears the mess 162from the index file and the working tree. 163<3> Merge a topic branch into the current branch, which resulted 164in a fast-forward. 165<4> But you decided that the topic branch is not ready for public 166consumption yet. "pull" or "merge" always leaves the original 167tip of the current branch in ORIG_HEAD, so resetting hard to it 168brings your index file and the working tree back to that state, 169and resets the tip of the branch to that commit. 170 171Undo a merge or pull inside a dirty work tree:: 172+ 173------------ 174$ git pull <1> 175Auto-merging nitfol 176Merge made by recursive. 177 nitfol | 20 +++++---- 178 ... 179$ git reset --merge ORIG_HEAD <2> 180------------ 181+ 182<1> Even if you may have local modifications in your 183working tree, you can safely say "git pull" when you know 184that the change in the other branch does not overlap with 185them. 186<2> After inspecting the result of the merge, you may find 187that the change in the other branch is unsatisfactory. Running 188"git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD" will let you go back to where you 189were, but it will discard your local changes, which you do not 190want. "git reset --merge" keeps your local changes. 191 192 193Interrupted workflow:: 194+ 195Suppose you are interrupted by an urgent fix request while you 196are in the middle of a large change. The files in your 197working tree are not in any shape to be committed yet, but you 198need to get to the other branch for a quick bugfix. 199+ 200------------ 201$ git checkout feature ;# you were working in "feature" branch and 202$ work work work ;# got interrupted 203$ git commit -a -m "snapshot WIP" <1> 204$ git checkout master 205$ fix fix fix 206$ git commit ;# commit with real log 207$ git checkout feature 208$ git reset --soft HEAD^ ;# go back to WIP state <2> 209$ git reset <3> 210------------ 211+ 212<1> This commit will get blown away so a throw-away log message is OK. 213<2> This removes the 'WIP' commit from the commit history, and sets 214 your working tree to the state just before you made that snapshot. 215<3> At this point the index file still has all the WIP changes you 216 committed as 'snapshot WIP'. This updates the index to show your 217 WIP files as uncommitted. 218+ 219See also linkgit:git-stash[1]. 220 221Reset a single file in the index:: 222+ 223Suppose you have added a file to your index, but later decide you do not 224want to add it to your commit. You can remove the file from the index 225while keeping your changes with git reset. 226+ 227------------ 228$ git reset -- frotz.c <1> 229$ git commit -m "Commit files in index" <2> 230$ git add frotz.c <3> 231------------ 232+ 233<1> This removes the file from the index while keeping it in the working 234 directory. 235<2> This commits all other changes in the index. 236<3> Adds the file to the index again. 237 238Author 239------ 240Written by Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com> and Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org> 241 242Documentation 243-------------- 244Documentation by Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>. 245 246GIT 247--- 248Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite