Documentation / technical / api-diff.txton commit Merge branch 'kb/maint-filter-branch-disappear' (832d586)
   1diff API
   2========
   3
   4The diff API is for programs that compare two sets of files (e.g. two
   5trees, one tree and the index) and present the found difference in
   6various ways.  The calling program is responsible for feeding the API
   7pairs of files, one from the "old" set and the corresponding one from
   8"new" set, that are different.  The library called through this API is
   9called diffcore, and is responsible for two things.
  10
  11* finding total rewrites (`-B`), renames (`-M`) and copies (`-C`), and
  12  changes that touch a string (`-S`), as specified by the caller.
  13
  14* outputting the differences in various formats, as specified by the
  15  caller.
  16
  17Calling sequence
  18----------------
  19
  20* Prepare `struct diff_options` to record the set of diff options, and
  21  then call `diff_setup()` to initialize this structure.  This sets up
  22  the vanilla default.
  23
  24* Fill in the options structure to specify desired output format, rename
  25  detection, etc.  `diff_opt_parse()` can be used to parse options given
  26  from the command line in a way consistent with existing git-diff
  27  family of programs.
  28
  29* Call `diff_setup_done()`; this inspects the options set up so far for
  30  internal consistency and make necessary tweaking to it (e.g. if
  31  textual patch output was asked, recursive behaviour is turned on).
  32
  33* As you find different pairs of files, call `diff_change()` to feed
  34  modified files, `diff_addremove()` to feed created or deleted files,
  35  or `diff_unmerged()` to feed a file whose state is 'unmerged' to the
  36  API.  These are thin wrappers to a lower-level `diff_queue()` function
  37  that is flexible enough to record any of these kinds of changes.
  38
  39* Once you finish feeding the pairs of files, call `diffcore_std()`.
  40  This will tell the diffcore library to go ahead and do its work.
  41
  42* Calling `diff_flush()` will produce the output.
  43
  44
  45Data structures
  46---------------
  47
  48* `struct diff_filespec`
  49
  50This is the internal representation for a single file (blob).  It
  51records the blob object name (if known -- for a work tree file it
  52typically is a NUL SHA-1), filemode and pathname.  This is what the
  53`diff_addremove()`, `diff_change()` and `diff_unmerged()` synthesize and
  54feed `diff_queue()` function with.
  55
  56* `struct diff_filepair`
  57
  58This records a pair of `struct diff_filespec`; the filespec for a file
  59in the "old" set (i.e. preimage) is called `one`, and the filespec for a
  60file in the "new" set (i.e. postimage) is called `two`.  A change that
  61represents file creation has NULL in `one`, and file deletion has NULL
  62in `two`.
  63
  64A `filepair` starts pointing at `one` and `two` that are from the same
  65filename, but `diffcore_std()` can break pairs and match component
  66filespecs with other filespecs from a different filepair to form new
  67filepair.  This is called 'rename detection'.
  68
  69* `struct diff_queue`
  70
  71This is a collection of filepairs.  Notable members are:
  72
  73`queue`::
  74
  75        An array of pointers to `struct diff_filepair`.  This
  76        dynamically grows as you add filepairs;
  77
  78`alloc`::
  79
  80        The allocated size of the `queue` array;
  81
  82`nr`::
  83
  84        The number of elements in the `queue` array.
  85
  86
  87* `struct diff_options`
  88
  89This describes the set of options the calling program wants to affect
  90the operation of diffcore library with.
  91
  92Notable members are:
  93
  94`output_format`::
  95        The output format used when `diff_flush()` is run.
  96
  97`context`::
  98        Number of context lines to generate in patch output.
  99
 100`break_opt`, `detect_rename`, `rename-score`, `rename_limit`::
 101        Affects the way detection logic for complete rewrites, renames
 102        and copies.
 103
 104`abbrev`::
 105        Number of hexdigits to abbreviate raw format output to.
 106
 107`pickaxe`::
 108        A constant string (can and typically does contain newlines to
 109        look for a block of text, not just a single line) to filter out
 110        the filepairs that do not change the number of strings contained
 111        in its preimage and postimage of the diff_queue.
 112
 113`flags`::
 114        This is mostly a collection of boolean options that affects the
 115        operation, but some do not have anything to do with the diffcore
 116        library.
 117
 118BINARY, TEXT;;
 119        Affects the way how a file that is seemingly binary is treated.
 120
 121FULL_INDEX;;
 122        Tells the patch output format not to use abbreviated object
 123        names on the "index" lines.
 124
 125FIND_COPIES_HARDER;;
 126        Tells the diffcore library that the caller is feeding unchanged
 127        filepairs to allow copies from unmodified files be detected.
 128
 129COLOR_DIFF;;
 130        Output should be colored.
 131
 132COLOR_DIFF_WORDS;;
 133        Output is a colored word-diff.
 134
 135NO_INDEX;;
 136        Tells diff-files that the input is not tracked files but files
 137        in random locations on the filesystem.
 138
 139ALLOW_EXTERNAL;;
 140        Tells output routine that it is Ok to call user specified patch
 141        output routine.  Plumbing disables this to ensure stable output.
 142
 143QUIET;;
 144        Do not show any output.
 145
 146REVERSE_DIFF;;
 147        Tells the library that the calling program is feeding the
 148        filepairs reversed; `one` is two, and `two` is one.
 149
 150EXIT_WITH_STATUS;;
 151        For communication between the calling program and the options
 152        parser; tell the calling program to signal the presence of
 153        difference using program exit code.
 154
 155HAS_CHANGES;;
 156        Internal; used for optimization to see if there is any change.
 157
 158SILENT_ON_REMOVE;;
 159        Affects if diff-files shows removed files.
 160
 161RECURSIVE, TREE_IN_RECURSIVE;;
 162        Tells if tree traversal done by tree-diff should recursively
 163        descend into a tree object pair that are different in preimage
 164        and postimage set.
 165
 166(JC)