Documentation / git-diff-cache.txton commit tutorial.txt: fix typos and a'git-whatchanged' example (837eedf)
   1git-diff-cache(1)
   2=================
   3v0.1, May 2005
   4
   5NAME
   6----
   7git-diff-cache - Compares content and mode of blobs between the cache and repository
   8
   9
  10SYNOPSIS
  11--------
  12'git-diff-cache' [-p] [-r] [-z] [-m] [-B] [-M] [-R] [-C] [-O<orderfile>] [-S<string>] [--pickaxe-all] [--cached] <tree-ish> [<path>...]
  13
  14DESCRIPTION
  15-----------
  16Compares the content and mode of the blobs found via a tree
  17object with the content of the current cache and, optionally
  18ignoring the stat state of the file on disk.  When paths are
  19specified, compares only those named paths.  Otherwise all
  20entries in the cache are compared.
  21
  22OPTIONS
  23-------
  24<tree-ish>::
  25        The id of a tree object to diff against.
  26
  27-p::
  28        Generate patch (see section on generating patches)
  29
  30-r::
  31        This flag does not mean anything.  It is there only to match
  32        "git-diff-tree".  Unlike "git-diff-tree", "git-diff-cache"
  33        always looks at all the subdirectories.
  34
  35-z::
  36        \0 line termination on output
  37
  38-B::
  39        Break complete rewrite changes into pairs of delete and create.
  40
  41-M::
  42        Detect renames.
  43
  44-C::
  45        Detect copies as well as renames.
  46
  47-S<string>::
  48        Look for differences that contains the change in <string>.
  49
  50--pickaxe-all::
  51        When -S finds a change, show all the changes in that
  52        changeset, not just the files that contains the change
  53        in <string>.
  54
  55-O<orderfile>::
  56        Output the patch in the order specified in the
  57        <orderfile>, which has one shell glob pattern per line.
  58
  59-R::
  60        Output diff in reverse.
  61
  62--cached::
  63        do not consider the on-disk file at all
  64
  65-m::
  66        By default, files recorded in the index but not checked
  67        out are reported as deleted.  This flag makes
  68        "git-diff-cache" say that all non-checked-out files are up
  69        to date.
  70
  71Output format
  72-------------
  73include::diff-format.txt[]
  74
  75Operating Modes
  76---------------
  77You can choose whether you want to trust the index file entirely
  78(using the '--cached' flag) or ask the diff logic to show any files
  79that don't match the stat state as being "tentatively changed".  Both
  80of these operations are very useful indeed.
  81
  82Cached Mode
  83-----------
  84If '--cached' is specified, it allows you to ask:
  85
  86        show me the differences between HEAD and the current index
  87        contents (the ones I'd write with a "git-write-tree")
  88
  89For example, let's say that you have worked on your index file, and are
  90ready to commit. You want to see eactly *what* you are going to commit is
  91without having to write a new tree object and compare it that way, and to
  92do that, you just do
  93
  94        git-diff-cache --cached $(cat .git/HEAD)
  95
  96Example: let's say I had renamed `commit.c` to `git-commit.c`, and I had
  97done an "git-update-cache" to make that effective in the index file.
  98"git-diff-files" wouldn't show anything at all, since the index file
  99matches my working directory. But doing a "git-diff-cache" does:
 100
 101  torvalds@ppc970:~/git> git-diff-cache --cached $(cat .git/HEAD)
 102  -100644 blob    4161aecc6700a2eb579e842af0b7f22b98443f74        commit.c
 103  +100644 blob    4161aecc6700a2eb579e842af0b7f22b98443f74        git-commit.c
 104
 105You can trivially see that the above is a rename.
 106
 107In fact, "git-diff-cache --cached" *should* always be entirely equivalent to
 108actually doing a "git-write-tree" and comparing that. Except this one is much
 109nicer for the case where you just want to check where you are.
 110
 111So doing a "git-diff-cache --cached" is basically very useful when you are 
 112asking yourself "what have I already marked for being committed, and 
 113what's the difference to a previous tree".
 114
 115Non-cached Mode
 116---------------
 117The "non-cached" mode takes a different approach, and is potentially
 118the more useful of the two in that what it does can't be emulated with
 119a "git-write-tree" + "git-diff-tree". Thus that's the default mode.
 120The non-cached version asks the question:
 121
 122   show me the differences between HEAD and the currently checked out
 123   tree - index contents _and_ files that aren't up-to-date
 124
 125which is obviously a very useful question too, since that tells you what
 126you *could* commit. Again, the output matches the "git-diff-tree -r"
 127output to a tee, but with a twist.
 128
 129The twist is that if some file doesn't match the cache, we don't have
 130a backing store thing for it, and we use the magic "all-zero" sha1 to
 131show that. So let's say that you have edited `kernel/sched.c`, but
 132have not actually done a "git-update-cache" on it yet - there is no
 133"object" associated with the new state, and you get:
 134
 135  torvalds@ppc970:~/v2.6/linux> git-diff-cache $(cat .git/HEAD )
 136  *100644->100664 blob    7476bb......->000000......      kernel/sched.c
 137
 138ie it shows that the tree has changed, and that `kernel/sched.c` has is
 139not up-to-date and may contain new stuff. The all-zero sha1 means that to
 140get the real diff, you need to look at the object in the working directory
 141directly rather than do an object-to-object diff.
 142
 143NOTE! As with other commands of this type, "git-diff-cache" does not
 144actually look at the contents of the file at all. So maybe
 145`kernel/sched.c` hasn't actually changed, and it's just that you
 146touched it. In either case, it's a note that you need to
 147"git-upate-cache" it to make the cache be in sync.
 148
 149NOTE 2! You can have a mixture of files show up as "has been updated"
 150and "is still dirty in the working directory" together. You can always
 151tell which file is in which state, since the "has been updated" ones
 152show a valid sha1, and the "not in sync with the index" ones will
 153always have the special all-zero sha1.
 154
 155
 156Author
 157------
 158Written by Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
 159
 160Documentation
 161--------------
 162Documentation by David Greaves, Junio C Hamano and the git-list <git@vger.kernel.org>.
 163
 164GIT
 165---
 166Part of the link:git.html[git] suite
 167