Documentation / pull-fetch-param.txton commit dir.c: unify is_excluded and is_path_excluded APIs (95c6f27)
   1<repository>::
   2        The "remote" repository that is the source of a fetch
   3        or pull operation.  This parameter can be either a URL
   4        (see the section <<URLS,GIT URLS>> below) or the name
   5        of a remote (see the section <<REMOTES,REMOTES>> below).
   6
   7ifndef::git-pull[]
   8<group>::
   9        A name referring to a list of repositories as the value
  10        of remotes.<group> in the configuration file.
  11        (See linkgit:git-config[1]).
  12endif::git-pull[]
  13
  14<refspec>::
  15        The format of a <refspec> parameter is an optional plus
  16        `+`, followed by the source ref <src>, followed
  17        by a colon `:`, followed by the destination ref <dst>.
  18+
  19The remote ref that matches <src>
  20is fetched, and if <dst> is not empty string, the local
  21ref that matches it is fast-forwarded using <src>.
  22If the optional plus `+` is used, the local ref
  23is updated even if it does not result in a fast-forward
  24update.
  25+
  26[NOTE]
  27If the remote branch from which you want to pull is
  28modified in non-linear ways such as being rewound and
  29rebased frequently, then a pull will attempt a merge with
  30an older version of itself, likely conflict, and fail.
  31It is under these conditions that you would want to use
  32the `+` sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates will
  33be needed.  There is currently no easy way to determine
  34or declare that a branch will be made available in a
  35repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply
  36must know this is the expected usage pattern for a branch.
  37+
  38[NOTE]
  39You never do your own development on branches that appear
  40on the right hand side of a <refspec> colon on `Pull:` lines;
  41they are to be updated by 'git fetch'.  If you intend to do
  42development derived from a remote branch `B`, have a `Pull:`
  43line to track it (i.e. `Pull: B:remote-B`), and have a separate
  44branch `my-B` to do your development on top of it.  The latter
  45is created by `git branch my-B remote-B` (or its equivalent `git
  46checkout -b my-B remote-B`).  Run `git fetch` to keep track of
  47the progress of the remote side, and when you see something new
  48on the remote branch, merge it into your development branch with
  49`git pull . remote-B`, while you are on `my-B` branch.
  50+
  51[NOTE]
  52There is a difference between listing multiple <refspec>
  53directly on 'git pull' command line and having multiple
  54`Pull:` <refspec> lines for a <repository> and running
  55'git pull' command without any explicit <refspec> parameters.
  56<refspec> listed explicitly on the command line are always
  57merged into the current branch after fetching.  In other words,
  58if you list more than one remote refs, you would be making
  59an Octopus.  While 'git pull' run without any explicit <refspec>
  60parameter takes default <refspec>s from `Pull:` lines, it
  61merges only the first <refspec> found into the current branch,
  62after fetching all the remote refs.  This is because making an
  63Octopus from remote refs is rarely done, while keeping track
  64of multiple remote heads in one-go by fetching more than one
  65is often useful.
  66+
  67Some short-cut notations are also supported.
  68+
  69* `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`;
  70  it requests fetching everything up to the given tag.
  71* A parameter <ref> without a colon is equivalent to
  72  <ref>: when pulling/fetching, so it merges <ref> into the current
  73  branch without storing the remote branch anywhere locally