1git-log(1) 2========== 3 4NAME 5---- 6git-log - Show commit logs 7 8 9SYNOPSIS 10-------- 11[verse] 12'git log' [<options>] [<revision range>] [[--] <path>...] 13 14DESCRIPTION 15----------- 16Shows the commit logs. 17 18The command takes options applicable to the `git rev-list` 19command to control what is shown and how, and options applicable to 20the `git diff-*` commands to control how the changes 21each commit introduces are shown. 22 23 24OPTIONS 25------- 26 27--follow:: 28 Continue listing the history of a file beyond renames 29 (works only for a single file). 30 31--no-decorate:: 32--decorate[=short|full|auto|no]:: 33 Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown. If 'short' is 34 specified, the ref name prefixes 'refs/heads/', 'refs/tags/' and 35 'refs/remotes/' will not be printed. If 'full' is specified, the 36 full ref name (including prefix) will be printed. If 'auto' is 37 specified, then if the output is going to a terminal, the ref names 38 are shown as if 'short' were given, otherwise no ref names are 39 shown. The default option is 'short'. 40 41--decorate-refs=<pattern>:: 42--decorate-refs-exclude=<pattern>:: 43 If no `--decorate-refs` is given, pretend as if all refs were 44 included. For each candidate, do not use it for decoration if it 45 matches any patterns given to `--decorate-refs-exclude` or if it 46 doesn't match any of the patterns given to `--decorate-refs`. 47 48--source:: 49 Print out the ref name given on the command line by which each 50 commit was reached. 51 52--use-mailmap:: 53 Use mailmap file to map author and committer names and email 54 addresses to canonical real names and email addresses. See 55 linkgit:git-shortlog[1]. 56 57--full-diff:: 58 Without this flag, `git log -p <path>...` shows commits that 59 touch the specified paths, and diffs about the same specified 60 paths. With this, the full diff is shown for commits that touch 61 the specified paths; this means that "<path>..." limits only 62 commits, and doesn't limit diff for those commits. 63+ 64Note that this affects all diff-based output types, e.g. those 65produced by `--stat`, etc. 66 67--log-size:: 68 Include a line ``log size <number>'' in the output for each commit, 69 where <number> is the length of that commit's message in bytes. 70 Intended to speed up tools that read log messages from `git log` 71 output by allowing them to allocate space in advance. 72 73-L <start>,<end>:<file>:: 74-L :<funcname>:<file>:: 75 Trace the evolution of the line range given by "<start>,<end>" 76 (or the function name regex <funcname>) within the <file>. You may 77 not give any pathspec limiters. This is currently limited to 78 a walk starting from a single revision, i.e., you may only 79 give zero or one positive revision arguments. 80 You can specify this option more than once. 81+ 82include::line-range-format.txt[] 83 84<revision range>:: 85 Show only commits in the specified revision range. When no 86 <revision range> is specified, it defaults to `HEAD` (i.e. the 87 whole history leading to the current commit). `origin..HEAD` 88 specifies all the commits reachable from the current commit 89 (i.e. `HEAD`), but not from `origin`. For a complete list of 90 ways to spell <revision range>, see the 'Specifying Ranges' 91 section of linkgit:gitrevisions[7]. 92 93[--] <path>...:: 94 Show only commits that are enough to explain how the files 95 that match the specified paths came to be. See 'History 96 Simplification' below for details and other simplification 97 modes. 98+ 99Paths may need to be prefixed with `--` to separate them from 100options or the revision range, when confusion arises. 101 102include::rev-list-options.txt[] 103 104include::pretty-formats.txt[] 105 106COMMON DIFF OPTIONS 107------------------- 108 109:git-log: 1 110include::diff-options.txt[] 111 112include::diff-generate-patch.txt[] 113 114EXAMPLES 115-------- 116`git log --no-merges`:: 117 118 Show the whole commit history, but skip any merges 119 120`git log v2.6.12.. include/scsi drivers/scsi`:: 121 122 Show all commits since version 'v2.6.12' that changed any file 123 in the `include/scsi` or `drivers/scsi` subdirectories 124 125`git log --since="2 weeks ago" -- gitk`:: 126 127 Show the changes during the last two weeks to the file 'gitk'. 128 The `--` is necessary to avoid confusion with the *branch* named 129 'gitk' 130 131`git log --name-status release..test`:: 132 133 Show the commits that are in the "test" branch but not yet 134 in the "release" branch, along with the list of paths 135 each commit modifies. 136 137`git log --follow builtin/rev-list.c`:: 138 139 Shows the commits that changed `builtin/rev-list.c`, including 140 those commits that occurred before the file was given its 141 present name. 142 143`git log --branches --not --remotes=origin`:: 144 145 Shows all commits that are in any of local branches but not in 146 any of remote-tracking branches for 'origin' (what you have that 147 origin doesn't). 148 149`git log master --not --remotes=*/master`:: 150 151 Shows all commits that are in local master but not in any remote 152 repository master branches. 153 154`git log -p -m --first-parent`:: 155 156 Shows the history including change diffs, but only from the 157 ``main branch'' perspective, skipping commits that come from merged 158 branches, and showing full diffs of changes introduced by the merges. 159 This makes sense only when following a strict policy of merging all 160 topic branches when staying on a single integration branch. 161 162`git log -L '/int main/',/^}/:main.c`:: 163 164 Shows how the function `main()` in the file `main.c` evolved 165 over time. 166 167`git log -3`:: 168 169 Limits the number of commits to show to 3. 170 171DISCUSSION 172---------- 173 174include::i18n.txt[] 175 176CONFIGURATION 177------------- 178 179See linkgit:git-config[1] for core variables and linkgit:git-diff[1] 180for settings related to diff generation. 181 182format.pretty:: 183 Default for the `--format` option. (See 'Pretty Formats' above.) 184 Defaults to `medium`. 185 186i18n.logOutputEncoding:: 187 Encoding to use when displaying logs. (See 'Discussion' above.) 188 Defaults to the value of `i18n.commitEncoding` if set, and UTF-8 189 otherwise. 190 191log.date:: 192 Default format for human-readable dates. (Compare the 193 `--date` option.) Defaults to "default", which means to write 194 dates like `Sat May 8 19:35:34 2010 -0500`. 195+ 196If the format is set to "auto:foo" and the pager is in use, format 197"foo" will be the used for the date format. Otherwise "default" will 198be used. 199 200log.follow:: 201 If `true`, `git log` will act as if the `--follow` option was used when 202 a single <path> is given. This has the same limitations as `--follow`, 203 i.e. it cannot be used to follow multiple files and does not work well 204 on non-linear history. 205 206log.showRoot:: 207 If `false`, `git log` and related commands will not treat the 208 initial commit as a big creation event. Any root commits in 209 `git log -p` output would be shown without a diff attached. 210 The default is `true`. 211 212log.showSignature:: 213 If `true`, `git log` and related commands will act as if the 214 `--show-signature` option was passed to them. 215 216mailmap.*:: 217 See linkgit:git-shortlog[1]. 218 219notes.displayRef:: 220 Which refs, in addition to the default set by `core.notesRef` 221 or `GIT_NOTES_REF`, to read notes from when showing commit 222 messages with the `log` family of commands. See 223 linkgit:git-notes[1]. 224+ 225May be an unabbreviated ref name or a glob and may be specified 226multiple times. A warning will be issued for refs that do not exist, 227but a glob that does not match any refs is silently ignored. 228+ 229This setting can be disabled by the `--no-notes` option, 230overridden by the `GIT_NOTES_DISPLAY_REF` environment variable, 231and overridden by the `--notes=<ref>` option. 232 233GIT 234--- 235Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite