Andrew's git / gitweb.git / builtin/cat-file.c
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builtin / cat-file.con commit Merge branch 'cb/printf-empty-format' (9d32228)
   1/*
   2 * GIT - The information manager from hell
   3 *
   4 * Copyright (C) Linus Torvalds, 2005
   5 */
   6#include "cache.h"
   7#include "config.h"
   8#include "builtin.h"
   9#include "diff.h"
  10#include "parse-options.h"
  11#include "userdiff.h"
  12#include "streaming.h"
  13#include "tree-walk.h"
  14#include "sha1-array.h"
  15#include "packfile.h"
  16#include "object-store.h"
  17
  18struct batch_options {
  19        int enabled;
  20        int follow_symlinks;
  21        int print_contents;
  22        int buffer_output;
  23        int all_objects;
  24        int unordered;
  25        int cmdmode; /* may be 'w' or 'c' for --filters or --textconv */
  26        const char *format;
  27};
  28
  29static const char *force_path;
  30
  31static int filter_object(const char *path, unsigned mode,
  32                         const struct object_id *oid,
  33                         char **buf, unsigned long *size)
  34{
  35        enum object_type type;
  36
  37        *buf = read_object_file(oid, &type, size);
  38        if (!*buf)
  39                return error(_("cannot read object %s '%s'"),
  40                             oid_to_hex(oid), path);
  41        if ((type == OBJ_BLOB) && S_ISREG(mode)) {
  42                struct strbuf strbuf = STRBUF_INIT;
  43                if (convert_to_working_tree(&the_index, path, *buf, *size, &strbuf)) {
  44                        free(*buf);
  45                        *size = strbuf.len;
  46                        *buf = strbuf_detach(&strbuf, NULL);
  47                }
  48        }
  49
  50        return 0;
  51}
  52
  53static int cat_one_file(int opt, const char *exp_type, const char *obj_name,
  54                        int unknown_type)
  55{
  56        struct object_id oid;
  57        enum object_type type;
  58        char *buf;
  59        unsigned long size;
  60        struct object_context obj_context;
  61        struct object_info oi = OBJECT_INFO_INIT;
  62        struct strbuf sb = STRBUF_INIT;
  63        unsigned flags = OBJECT_INFO_LOOKUP_REPLACE;
  64        const char *path = force_path;
  65
  66        if (unknown_type)
  67                flags |= OBJECT_INFO_ALLOW_UNKNOWN_TYPE;
  68
  69        if (get_oid_with_context(obj_name, GET_OID_RECORD_PATH,
  70                                 &oid, &obj_context))
  71                die("Not a valid object name %s", obj_name);
  72
  73        if (!path)
  74                path = obj_context.path;
  75        if (obj_context.mode == S_IFINVALID)
  76                obj_context.mode = 0100644;
  77
  78        buf = NULL;
  79        switch (opt) {
  80        case 't':
  81                oi.type_name = &sb;
  82                if (oid_object_info_extended(the_repository, &oid, &oi, flags) < 0)
  83                        die("git cat-file: could not get object info");
  84                if (sb.len) {
  85                        printf("%s\n", sb.buf);
  86                        strbuf_release(&sb);
  87                        return 0;
  88                }
  89                break;
  90
  91        case 's':
  92                oi.sizep = &size;
  93                if (oid_object_info_extended(the_repository, &oid, &oi, flags) < 0)
  94                        die("git cat-file: could not get object info");
  95                printf("%lu\n", size);
  96                return 0;
  97
  98        case 'e':
  99                return !has_object_file(&oid);
 100
 101        case 'w':
 102                if (!path)
 103                        die("git cat-file --filters %s: <object> must be "
 104                            "<sha1:path>", obj_name);
 105
 106                if (filter_object(path, obj_context.mode,
 107                                  &oid, &buf, &size))
 108                        return -1;
 109                break;
 110
 111        case 'c':
 112                if (!path)
 113                        die("git cat-file --textconv %s: <object> must be <sha1:path>",
 114                            obj_name);
 115
 116                if (textconv_object(the_repository, path, obj_context.mode,
 117                                    &oid, 1, &buf, &size))
 118                        break;
 119                /* else fallthrough */
 120
 121        case 'p':
 122                type = oid_object_info(the_repository, &oid, NULL);
 123                if (type < 0)
 124                        die("Not a valid object name %s", obj_name);
 125
 126                /* custom pretty-print here */
 127                if (type == OBJ_TREE) {
 128                        const char *ls_args[3] = { NULL };
 129                        ls_args[0] =  "ls-tree";
 130                        ls_args[1] =  obj_name;
 131                        return cmd_ls_tree(2, ls_args, NULL);
 132                }
 133
 134                if (type == OBJ_BLOB)
 135                        return stream_blob_to_fd(1, &oid, NULL, 0);
 136                buf = read_object_file(&oid, &type, &size);
 137                if (!buf)
 138                        die("Cannot read object %s", obj_name);
 139
 140                /* otherwise just spit out the data */
 141                break;
 142
 143        case 0:
 144                if (type_from_string(exp_type) == OBJ_BLOB) {
 145                        struct object_id blob_oid;
 146                        if (oid_object_info(the_repository, &oid, NULL) == OBJ_TAG) {
 147                                char *buffer = read_object_file(&oid, &type,
 148                                                                &size);
 149                                const char *target;
 150                                if (!skip_prefix(buffer, "object ", &target) ||
 151                                    get_oid_hex(target, &blob_oid))
 152                                        die("%s not a valid tag", oid_to_hex(&oid));
 153                                free(buffer);
 154                        } else
 155                                oidcpy(&blob_oid, &oid);
 156
 157                        if (oid_object_info(the_repository, &blob_oid, NULL) == OBJ_BLOB)
 158                                return stream_blob_to_fd(1, &blob_oid, NULL, 0);
 159                        /*
 160                         * we attempted to dereference a tag to a blob
 161                         * and failed; there may be new dereference
 162                         * mechanisms this code is not aware of.
 163                         * fall-back to the usual case.
 164                         */
 165                }
 166                buf = read_object_with_reference(&oid, exp_type, &size, NULL);
 167                break;
 168
 169        default:
 170                die("git cat-file: unknown option: %s", exp_type);
 171        }
 172
 173        if (!buf)
 174                die("git cat-file %s: bad file", obj_name);
 175
 176        write_or_die(1, buf, size);
 177        free(buf);
 178        free(obj_context.path);
 179        return 0;
 180}
 181
 182struct expand_data {
 183        struct object_id oid;
 184        enum object_type type;
 185        unsigned long size;
 186        off_t disk_size;
 187        const char *rest;
 188        struct object_id delta_base_oid;
 189
 190        /*
 191         * If mark_query is true, we do not expand anything, but rather
 192         * just mark the object_info with items we wish to query.
 193         */
 194        int mark_query;
 195
 196        /*
 197         * Whether to split the input on whitespace before feeding it to
 198         * get_sha1; this is decided during the mark_query phase based on
 199         * whether we have a %(rest) token in our format.
 200         */
 201        int split_on_whitespace;
 202
 203        /*
 204         * After a mark_query run, this object_info is set up to be
 205         * passed to sha1_object_info_extended. It will point to the data
 206         * elements above, so you can retrieve the response from there.
 207         */
 208        struct object_info info;
 209
 210        /*
 211         * This flag will be true if the requested batch format and options
 212         * don't require us to call sha1_object_info, which can then be
 213         * optimized out.
 214         */
 215        unsigned skip_object_info : 1;
 216};
 217
 218static int is_atom(const char *atom, const char *s, int slen)
 219{
 220        int alen = strlen(atom);
 221        return alen == slen && !memcmp(atom, s, alen);
 222}
 223
 224static void expand_atom(struct strbuf *sb, const char *atom, int len,
 225                        void *vdata)
 226{
 227        struct expand_data *data = vdata;
 228
 229        if (is_atom("objectname", atom, len)) {
 230                if (!data->mark_query)
 231                        strbuf_addstr(sb, oid_to_hex(&data->oid));
 232        } else if (is_atom("objecttype", atom, len)) {
 233                if (data->mark_query)
 234                        data->info.typep = &data->type;
 235                else
 236                        strbuf_addstr(sb, type_name(data->type));
 237        } else if (is_atom("objectsize", atom, len)) {
 238                if (data->mark_query)
 239                        data->info.sizep = &data->size;
 240                else
 241                        strbuf_addf(sb, "%lu", data->size);
 242        } else if (is_atom("objectsize:disk", atom, len)) {
 243                if (data->mark_query)
 244                        data->info.disk_sizep = &data->disk_size;
 245                else
 246                        strbuf_addf(sb, "%"PRIuMAX, (uintmax_t)data->disk_size);
 247        } else if (is_atom("rest", atom, len)) {
 248                if (data->mark_query)
 249                        data->split_on_whitespace = 1;
 250                else if (data->rest)
 251                        strbuf_addstr(sb, data->rest);
 252        } else if (is_atom("deltabase", atom, len)) {
 253                if (data->mark_query)
 254                        data->info.delta_base_sha1 = data->delta_base_oid.hash;
 255                else
 256                        strbuf_addstr(sb,
 257                                      oid_to_hex(&data->delta_base_oid));
 258        } else
 259                die("unknown format element: %.*s", len, atom);
 260}
 261
 262static size_t expand_format(struct strbuf *sb, const char *start, void *data)
 263{
 264        const char *end;
 265
 266        if (*start != '(')
 267                return 0;
 268        end = strchr(start + 1, ')');
 269        if (!end)
 270                die("format element '%s' does not end in ')'", start);
 271
 272        expand_atom(sb, start + 1, end - start - 1, data);
 273
 274        return end - start + 1;
 275}
 276
 277static void batch_write(struct batch_options *opt, const void *data, int len)
 278{
 279        if (opt->buffer_output) {
 280                if (fwrite(data, 1, len, stdout) != len)
 281                        die_errno("unable to write to stdout");
 282        } else
 283                write_or_die(1, data, len);
 284}
 285
 286static void print_object_or_die(struct batch_options *opt, struct expand_data *data)
 287{
 288        const struct object_id *oid = &data->oid;
 289
 290        assert(data->info.typep);
 291
 292        if (data->type == OBJ_BLOB) {
 293                if (opt->buffer_output)
 294                        fflush(stdout);
 295                if (opt->cmdmode) {
 296                        char *contents;
 297                        unsigned long size;
 298
 299                        if (!data->rest)
 300                                die("missing path for '%s'", oid_to_hex(oid));
 301
 302                        if (opt->cmdmode == 'w') {
 303                                if (filter_object(data->rest, 0100644, oid,
 304                                                  &contents, &size))
 305                                        die("could not convert '%s' %s",
 306                                            oid_to_hex(oid), data->rest);
 307                        } else if (opt->cmdmode == 'c') {
 308                                enum object_type type;
 309                                if (!textconv_object(the_repository,
 310                                                     data->rest, 0100644, oid,
 311                                                     1, &contents, &size))
 312                                        contents = read_object_file(oid,
 313                                                                    &type,
 314                                                                    &size);
 315                                if (!contents)
 316                                        die("could not convert '%s' %s",
 317                                            oid_to_hex(oid), data->rest);
 318                        } else
 319                                BUG("invalid cmdmode: %c", opt->cmdmode);
 320                        batch_write(opt, contents, size);
 321                        free(contents);
 322                } else if (stream_blob_to_fd(1, oid, NULL, 0) < 0)
 323                        die("unable to stream %s to stdout", oid_to_hex(oid));
 324        }
 325        else {
 326                enum object_type type;
 327                unsigned long size;
 328                void *contents;
 329
 330                contents = read_object_file(oid, &type, &size);
 331                if (!contents)
 332                        die("object %s disappeared", oid_to_hex(oid));
 333                if (type != data->type)
 334                        die("object %s changed type!?", oid_to_hex(oid));
 335                if (data->info.sizep && size != data->size)
 336                        die("object %s changed size!?", oid_to_hex(oid));
 337
 338                batch_write(opt, contents, size);
 339                free(contents);
 340        }
 341}
 342
 343static void batch_object_write(const char *obj_name,
 344                               struct strbuf *scratch,
 345                               struct batch_options *opt,
 346                               struct expand_data *data)
 347{
 348        if (!data->skip_object_info &&
 349            oid_object_info_extended(the_repository, &data->oid, &data->info,
 350                                     OBJECT_INFO_LOOKUP_REPLACE) < 0) {
 351                printf("%s missing\n",
 352                       obj_name ? obj_name : oid_to_hex(&data->oid));
 353                fflush(stdout);
 354                return;
 355        }
 356
 357        strbuf_reset(scratch);
 358        strbuf_expand(scratch, opt->format, expand_format, data);
 359        strbuf_addch(scratch, '\n');
 360        batch_write(opt, scratch->buf, scratch->len);
 361
 362        if (opt->print_contents) {
 363                print_object_or_die(opt, data);
 364                batch_write(opt, "\n", 1);
 365        }
 366}
 367
 368static void batch_one_object(const char *obj_name,
 369                             struct strbuf *scratch,
 370                             struct batch_options *opt,
 371                             struct expand_data *data)
 372{
 373        struct object_context ctx;
 374        int flags = opt->follow_symlinks ? GET_OID_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS : 0;
 375        enum follow_symlinks_result result;
 376
 377        result = get_oid_with_context(obj_name, flags, &data->oid, &ctx);
 378        if (result != FOUND) {
 379                switch (result) {
 380                case MISSING_OBJECT:
 381                        printf("%s missing\n", obj_name);
 382                        break;
 383                case DANGLING_SYMLINK:
 384                        printf("dangling %"PRIuMAX"\n%s\n",
 385                               (uintmax_t)strlen(obj_name), obj_name);
 386                        break;
 387                case SYMLINK_LOOP:
 388                        printf("loop %"PRIuMAX"\n%s\n",
 389                               (uintmax_t)strlen(obj_name), obj_name);
 390                        break;
 391                case NOT_DIR:
 392                        printf("notdir %"PRIuMAX"\n%s\n",
 393                               (uintmax_t)strlen(obj_name), obj_name);
 394                        break;
 395                default:
 396                        BUG("unknown get_sha1_with_context result %d\n",
 397                               result);
 398                        break;
 399                }
 400                fflush(stdout);
 401                return;
 402        }
 403
 404        if (ctx.mode == 0) {
 405                printf("symlink %"PRIuMAX"\n%s\n",
 406                       (uintmax_t)ctx.symlink_path.len,
 407                       ctx.symlink_path.buf);
 408                fflush(stdout);
 409                return;
 410        }
 411
 412        batch_object_write(obj_name, scratch, opt, data);
 413}
 414
 415struct object_cb_data {
 416        struct batch_options *opt;
 417        struct expand_data *expand;
 418        struct oidset *seen;
 419        struct strbuf *scratch;
 420};
 421
 422static int batch_object_cb(const struct object_id *oid, void *vdata)
 423{
 424        struct object_cb_data *data = vdata;
 425        oidcpy(&data->expand->oid, oid);
 426        batch_object_write(NULL, data->scratch, data->opt, data->expand);
 427        return 0;
 428}
 429
 430static int collect_loose_object(const struct object_id *oid,
 431                                const char *path,
 432                                void *data)
 433{
 434        oid_array_append(data, oid);
 435        return 0;
 436}
 437
 438static int collect_packed_object(const struct object_id *oid,
 439                                 struct packed_git *pack,
 440                                 uint32_t pos,
 441                                 void *data)
 442{
 443        oid_array_append(data, oid);
 444        return 0;
 445}
 446
 447static int batch_unordered_object(const struct object_id *oid, void *vdata)
 448{
 449        struct object_cb_data *data = vdata;
 450
 451        if (oidset_insert(data->seen, oid))
 452                return 0;
 453
 454        return batch_object_cb(oid, data);
 455}
 456
 457static int batch_unordered_loose(const struct object_id *oid,
 458                                 const char *path,
 459                                 void *data)
 460{
 461        return batch_unordered_object(oid, data);
 462}
 463
 464static int batch_unordered_packed(const struct object_id *oid,
 465                                  struct packed_git *pack,
 466                                  uint32_t pos,
 467                                  void *data)
 468{
 469        return batch_unordered_object(oid, data);
 470}
 471
 472static int batch_objects(struct batch_options *opt)
 473{
 474        struct strbuf input = STRBUF_INIT;
 475        struct strbuf output = STRBUF_INIT;
 476        struct expand_data data;
 477        int save_warning;
 478        int retval = 0;
 479
 480        if (!opt->format)
 481                opt->format = "%(objectname) %(objecttype) %(objectsize)";
 482
 483        /*
 484         * Expand once with our special mark_query flag, which will prime the
 485         * object_info to be handed to sha1_object_info_extended for each
 486         * object.
 487         */
 488        memset(&data, 0, sizeof(data));
 489        data.mark_query = 1;
 490        strbuf_expand(&output, opt->format, expand_format, &data);
 491        data.mark_query = 0;
 492        strbuf_release(&output);
 493        if (opt->cmdmode)
 494                data.split_on_whitespace = 1;
 495
 496        if (opt->all_objects) {
 497                struct object_info empty = OBJECT_INFO_INIT;
 498                if (!memcmp(&data.info, &empty, sizeof(empty)))
 499                        data.skip_object_info = 1;
 500        }
 501
 502        /*
 503         * If we are printing out the object, then always fill in the type,
 504         * since we will want to decide whether or not to stream.
 505         */
 506        if (opt->print_contents)
 507                data.info.typep = &data.type;
 508
 509        if (opt->all_objects) {
 510                struct object_cb_data cb;
 511
 512                if (repository_format_partial_clone)
 513                        warning("This repository has extensions.partialClone set. Some objects may not be loaded.");
 514
 515                cb.opt = opt;
 516                cb.expand = &data;
 517                cb.scratch = &output;
 518
 519                if (opt->unordered) {
 520                        struct oidset seen = OIDSET_INIT;
 521
 522                        cb.seen = &seen;
 523
 524                        for_each_loose_object(batch_unordered_loose, &cb, 0);
 525                        for_each_packed_object(batch_unordered_packed, &cb,
 526                                               FOR_EACH_OBJECT_PACK_ORDER);
 527
 528                        oidset_clear(&seen);
 529                } else {
 530                        struct oid_array sa = OID_ARRAY_INIT;
 531
 532                        for_each_loose_object(collect_loose_object, &sa, 0);
 533                        for_each_packed_object(collect_packed_object, &sa, 0);
 534
 535                        oid_array_for_each_unique(&sa, batch_object_cb, &cb);
 536
 537                        oid_array_clear(&sa);
 538                }
 539
 540                strbuf_release(&output);
 541                return 0;
 542        }
 543
 544        /*
 545         * We are going to call get_sha1 on a potentially very large number of
 546         * objects. In most large cases, these will be actual object sha1s. The
 547         * cost to double-check that each one is not also a ref (just so we can
 548         * warn) ends up dwarfing the actual cost of the object lookups
 549         * themselves. We can work around it by just turning off the warning.
 550         */
 551        save_warning = warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity;
 552        warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = 0;
 553
 554        while (strbuf_getline(&input, stdin) != EOF) {
 555                if (data.split_on_whitespace) {
 556                        /*
 557                         * Split at first whitespace, tying off the beginning
 558                         * of the string and saving the remainder (or NULL) in
 559                         * data.rest.
 560                         */
 561                        char *p = strpbrk(input.buf, " \t");
 562                        if (p) {
 563                                while (*p && strchr(" \t", *p))
 564                                        *p++ = '\0';
 565                        }
 566                        data.rest = p;
 567                }
 568
 569                batch_one_object(input.buf, &output, opt, &data);
 570        }
 571
 572        strbuf_release(&input);
 573        strbuf_release(&output);
 574        warn_on_object_refname_ambiguity = save_warning;
 575        return retval;
 576}
 577
 578static const char * const cat_file_usage[] = {
 579        N_("git cat-file (-t [--allow-unknown-type] | -s [--allow-unknown-type] | -e | -p | <type> | --textconv | --filters) [--path=<path>] <object>"),
 580        N_("git cat-file (--batch | --batch-check) [--follow-symlinks] [--textconv | --filters]"),
 581        NULL
 582};
 583
 584static int git_cat_file_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 585{
 586        if (userdiff_config(var, value) < 0)
 587                return -1;
 588
 589        return git_default_config(var, value, cb);
 590}
 591
 592static int batch_option_callback(const struct option *opt,
 593                                 const char *arg,
 594                                 int unset)
 595{
 596        struct batch_options *bo = opt->value;
 597
 598        if (bo->enabled) {
 599                return 1;
 600        }
 601
 602        bo->enabled = 1;
 603        bo->print_contents = !strcmp(opt->long_name, "batch");
 604        bo->format = arg;
 605
 606        return 0;
 607}
 608
 609int cmd_cat_file(int argc, const char **argv, const char *prefix)
 610{
 611        int opt = 0;
 612        const char *exp_type = NULL, *obj_name = NULL;
 613        struct batch_options batch = {0};
 614        int unknown_type = 0;
 615
 616        const struct option options[] = {
 617                OPT_GROUP(N_("<type> can be one of: blob, tree, commit, tag")),
 618                OPT_CMDMODE('t', NULL, &opt, N_("show object type"), 't'),
 619                OPT_CMDMODE('s', NULL, &opt, N_("show object size"), 's'),
 620                OPT_CMDMODE('e', NULL, &opt,
 621                            N_("exit with zero when there's no error"), 'e'),
 622                OPT_CMDMODE('p', NULL, &opt, N_("pretty-print object's content"), 'p'),
 623                OPT_CMDMODE(0, "textconv", &opt,
 624                            N_("for blob objects, run textconv on object's content"), 'c'),
 625                OPT_CMDMODE(0, "filters", &opt,
 626                            N_("for blob objects, run filters on object's content"), 'w'),
 627                OPT_STRING(0, "path", &force_path, N_("blob"),
 628                           N_("use a specific path for --textconv/--filters")),
 629                OPT_BOOL(0, "allow-unknown-type", &unknown_type,
 630                          N_("allow -s and -t to work with broken/corrupt objects")),
 631                OPT_BOOL(0, "buffer", &batch.buffer_output, N_("buffer --batch output")),
 632                { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "batch", &batch, "format",
 633                        N_("show info and content of objects fed from the standard input"),
 634                        PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, batch_option_callback },
 635                { OPTION_CALLBACK, 0, "batch-check", &batch, "format",
 636                        N_("show info about objects fed from the standard input"),
 637                        PARSE_OPT_OPTARG, batch_option_callback },
 638                OPT_BOOL(0, "follow-symlinks", &batch.follow_symlinks,
 639                         N_("follow in-tree symlinks (used with --batch or --batch-check)")),
 640                OPT_BOOL(0, "batch-all-objects", &batch.all_objects,
 641                         N_("show all objects with --batch or --batch-check")),
 642                OPT_BOOL(0, "unordered", &batch.unordered,
 643                         N_("do not order --batch-all-objects output")),
 644                OPT_END()
 645        };
 646
 647        git_config(git_cat_file_config, NULL);
 648
 649        batch.buffer_output = -1;
 650        argc = parse_options(argc, argv, prefix, options, cat_file_usage, 0);
 651
 652        if (opt) {
 653                if (batch.enabled && (opt == 'c' || opt == 'w'))
 654                        batch.cmdmode = opt;
 655                else if (argc == 1)
 656                        obj_name = argv[0];
 657                else
 658                        usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 659        }
 660        if (!opt && !batch.enabled) {
 661                if (argc == 2) {
 662                        exp_type = argv[0];
 663                        obj_name = argv[1];
 664                } else
 665                        usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 666        }
 667        if (batch.enabled) {
 668                if (batch.cmdmode != opt || argc)
 669                        usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 670                if (batch.cmdmode && batch.all_objects)
 671                        die("--batch-all-objects cannot be combined with "
 672                            "--textconv nor with --filters");
 673        }
 674
 675        if ((batch.follow_symlinks || batch.all_objects) && !batch.enabled) {
 676                usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 677        }
 678
 679        if (force_path && opt != 'c' && opt != 'w') {
 680                error("--path=<path> needs --textconv or --filters");
 681                usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 682        }
 683
 684        if (force_path && batch.enabled) {
 685                error("--path=<path> incompatible with --batch");
 686                usage_with_options(cat_file_usage, options);
 687        }
 688
 689        if (batch.buffer_output < 0)
 690                batch.buffer_output = batch.all_objects;
 691
 692        if (batch.enabled)
 693                return batch_objects(&batch);
 694
 695        if (unknown_type && opt != 't' && opt != 's')
 696                die("git cat-file --allow-unknown-type: use with -s or -t");
 697        return cat_one_file(opt, exp_type, obj_name, unknown_type);
 698}