Documentation / git-rev-parse.txton commit rev-parse: introduce --exclude=<glob> to tame wildcards (9dc01bf)
   1git-rev-parse(1)
   2================
   3
   4NAME
   5----
   6git-rev-parse - Pick out and massage parameters
   7
   8
   9SYNOPSIS
  10--------
  11[verse]
  12'git rev-parse' [ --option ] <args>...
  13
  14DESCRIPTION
  15-----------
  16
  17Many Git porcelainish commands take mixture of flags
  18(i.e. parameters that begin with a dash '-') and parameters
  19meant for the underlying 'git rev-list' command they use internally
  20and flags and parameters for the other commands they use
  21downstream of 'git rev-list'.  This command is used to
  22distinguish between them.
  23
  24
  25OPTIONS
  26-------
  27--parseopt::
  28        Use 'git rev-parse' in option parsing mode (see PARSEOPT section below).
  29
  30--keep-dashdash::
  31        Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode. Tells the option parser to echo
  32        out the first `--` met instead of skipping it.
  33
  34--stop-at-non-option::
  35        Only meaningful in `--parseopt` mode.  Lets the option parser stop at
  36        the first non-option argument.  This can be used to parse sub-commands
  37        that take options themselves.
  38
  39--sq-quote::
  40        Use 'git rev-parse' in shell quoting mode (see SQ-QUOTE
  41        section below). In contrast to the `--sq` option below, this
  42        mode does only quoting. Nothing else is done to command input.
  43
  44--revs-only::
  45        Do not output flags and parameters not meant for
  46        'git rev-list' command.
  47
  48--no-revs::
  49        Do not output flags and parameters meant for
  50        'git rev-list' command.
  51
  52--flags::
  53        Do not output non-flag parameters.
  54
  55--no-flags::
  56        Do not output flag parameters.
  57
  58--default <arg>::
  59        If there is no parameter given by the user, use `<arg>`
  60        instead.
  61
  62--prefix <arg>::
  63        Behave as if 'git rev-parse' was invoked from the `<arg>`
  64        subdirectory of the working tree.  Any relative filenames are
  65        resolved as if they are prefixed by `<arg>` and will be printed
  66        in that form.
  67+
  68This can be used to convert arguments to a command run in a subdirectory
  69so that they can still be used after moving to the top-level of the
  70repository.  For example:
  71+
  72----
  73prefix=$(git rev-parse --show-prefix)
  74cd "$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)"
  75eval "set -- $(git rev-parse --sq --prefix "$prefix" "$@")"
  76----
  77
  78--verify::
  79        Verify that exactly one parameter is provided, and that it
  80        can be turned into a raw 20-byte SHA-1 that can be used to
  81        access the object database. If so, emit it to the standard
  82        output; otherwise, error out.
  83+
  84If you want to make sure that the output actually names an object in
  85your object database and/or can be used as a specific type of object
  86you require, you can add "^{type}" peeling operator to the parameter.
  87For example, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{commit}"` will make sure `$VAR`
  88names an existing object that is a commit-ish (i.e. a commit, or an
  89annotated tag that points at a commit).  To make sure that `$VAR`
  90names an existing object of any type, `git rev-parse "$VAR^{object}"`
  91can be used.
  92
  93-q::
  94--quiet::
  95        Only meaningful in `--verify` mode. Do not output an error
  96        message if the first argument is not a valid object name;
  97        instead exit with non-zero status silently.
  98
  99--sq::
 100        Usually the output is made one line per flag and
 101        parameter.  This option makes output a single line,
 102        properly quoted for consumption by shell.  Useful when
 103        you expect your parameter to contain whitespaces and
 104        newlines (e.g. when using pickaxe `-S` with
 105        'git diff-{asterisk}'). In contrast to the `--sq-quote` option,
 106        the command input is still interpreted as usual.
 107
 108--not::
 109        When showing object names, prefix them with '{caret}' and
 110        strip '{caret}' prefix from the object names that already have
 111        one.
 112
 113--symbolic::
 114        Usually the object names are output in SHA-1 form (with
 115        possible '{caret}' prefix); this option makes them output in a
 116        form as close to the original input as possible.
 117
 118--symbolic-full-name::
 119        This is similar to \--symbolic, but it omits input that
 120        are not refs (i.e. branch or tag names; or more
 121        explicitly disambiguating "heads/master" form, when you
 122        want to name the "master" branch when there is an
 123        unfortunately named tag "master"), and show them as full
 124        refnames (e.g. "refs/heads/master").
 125
 126--abbrev-ref[=(strict|loose)]::
 127        A non-ambiguous short name of the objects name.
 128        The option core.warnAmbiguousRefs is used to select the strict
 129        abbreviation mode.
 130
 131--disambiguate=<prefix>::
 132        Show every object whose name begins with the given prefix.
 133        The <prefix> must be at least 4 hexadecimal digits long to
 134        avoid listing each and every object in the repository by
 135        mistake.
 136
 137--all::
 138        Show all refs found in `refs/`.
 139
 140--branches[=pattern]::
 141--tags[=pattern]::
 142--remotes[=pattern]::
 143        Show all branches, tags, or remote-tracking branches,
 144        respectively (i.e., refs found in `refs/heads`,
 145        `refs/tags`, or `refs/remotes`, respectively).
 146+
 147If a `pattern` is given, only refs matching the given shell glob are
 148shown.  If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`,
 149`*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by appending `/*`.
 150
 151--glob=pattern::
 152        Show all refs matching the shell glob pattern `pattern`. If
 153        the pattern does not start with `refs/`, this is automatically
 154        prepended.  If the pattern does not contain a globbing
 155        character (`?`, `*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
 156        match by appending `/*`.
 157
 158--exclude=<glob-pattern>::
 159        Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`,
 160        `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise
 161        consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns
 162        up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or
 163        `--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear
 164        accumlated patterns).
 165+
 166The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or
 167`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`,
 168respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob`
 169or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given
 170explicitly.
 171
 172--show-toplevel::
 173        Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
 174
 175--show-prefix::
 176        When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
 177        path of the current directory relative to the top-level
 178        directory.
 179
 180--show-cdup::
 181        When the command is invoked from a subdirectory, show the
 182        path of the top-level directory relative to the current
 183        directory (typically a sequence of "../", or an empty string).
 184
 185--git-dir::
 186        Show `$GIT_DIR` if defined. Otherwise show the path to
 187        the .git directory. The path shown, when relative, is
 188        relative to the current working directory.
 189+
 190If `$GIT_DIR` is not defined and the current directory
 191is not detected to lie in a Git repository or work tree
 192print a message to stderr and exit with nonzero status.
 193
 194--is-inside-git-dir::
 195        When the current working directory is below the repository
 196        directory print "true", otherwise "false".
 197
 198--is-inside-work-tree::
 199        When the current working directory is inside the work tree of the
 200        repository print "true", otherwise "false".
 201
 202--is-bare-repository::
 203        When the repository is bare print "true", otherwise "false".
 204
 205--local-env-vars::
 206        List the GIT_* environment variables that are local to the
 207        repository (e.g. GIT_DIR or GIT_WORK_TREE, but not GIT_EDITOR).
 208        Only the names of the variables are listed, not their value,
 209        even if they are set.
 210
 211--short::
 212--short=number::
 213        Instead of outputting the full SHA-1 values of object names try to
 214        abbreviate them to a shorter unique name. When no length is specified
 215        7 is used. The minimum length is 4.
 216
 217--since=datestring::
 218--after=datestring::
 219        Parse the date string, and output the corresponding
 220        --max-age= parameter for 'git rev-list'.
 221
 222--until=datestring::
 223--before=datestring::
 224        Parse the date string, and output the corresponding
 225        --min-age= parameter for 'git rev-list'.
 226
 227<args>...::
 228        Flags and parameters to be parsed.
 229
 230--resolve-git-dir <path>::
 231        Check if <path> is a valid repository or a gitfile that
 232        points at a valid repository, and print the location of the
 233        repository.  If <path> is a gitfile then the resolved path
 234        to the real repository is printed.
 235
 236
 237include::revisions.txt[]
 238
 239PARSEOPT
 240--------
 241
 242In `--parseopt` mode, 'git rev-parse' helps massaging options to bring to shell
 243scripts the same facilities C builtins have. It works as an option normalizer
 244(e.g. splits single switches aggregate values), a bit like `getopt(1)` does.
 245
 246It takes on the standard input the specification of the options to parse and
 247understand, and echoes on the standard output a string suitable for `sh(1)` `eval`
 248to replace the arguments with normalized ones.  In case of error, it outputs
 249usage on the standard error stream, and exits with code 129.
 250
 251Note: Make sure you quote the result when passing it to `eval`.  See
 252below for an example.
 253
 254Input Format
 255~~~~~~~~~~~~
 256
 257'git rev-parse --parseopt' input format is fully text based. It has two parts,
 258separated by a line that contains only `--`. The lines before the separator
 259(should be more than one) are used for the usage.
 260The lines after the separator describe the options.
 261
 262Each line of options has this format:
 263
 264------------
 265<opt_spec><flags>* SP+ help LF
 266------------
 267
 268`<opt_spec>`::
 269        its format is the short option character, then the long option name
 270        separated by a comma. Both parts are not required, though at least one
 271        is necessary. `h,help`, `dry-run` and `f` are all three correct
 272        `<opt_spec>`.
 273
 274`<flags>`::
 275        `<flags>` are of `*`, `=`, `?` or `!`.
 276        * Use `=` if the option takes an argument.
 277
 278        * Use `?` to mean that the option is optional (though its use is discouraged).
 279
 280        * Use `*` to mean that this option should not be listed in the usage
 281          generated for the `-h` argument. It's shown for `--help-all` as
 282          documented in linkgit:gitcli[7].
 283
 284        * Use `!` to not make the corresponding negated long option available.
 285
 286The remainder of the line, after stripping the spaces, is used
 287as the help associated to the option.
 288
 289Blank lines are ignored, and lines that don't match this specification are used
 290as option group headers (start the line with a space to create such
 291lines on purpose).
 292
 293Example
 294~~~~~~~
 295
 296------------
 297OPTS_SPEC="\
 298some-command [options] <args>...
 299
 300some-command does foo and bar!
 301--
 302h,help    show the help
 303
 304foo       some nifty option --foo
 305bar=      some cool option --bar with an argument
 306
 307  An option group Header
 308C?        option C with an optional argument"
 309
 310eval "$(echo "$OPTS_SPEC" | git rev-parse --parseopt -- "$@" || echo exit $?)"
 311------------
 312
 313SQ-QUOTE
 314--------
 315
 316In `--sq-quote` mode, 'git rev-parse' echoes on the standard output a
 317single line suitable for `sh(1)` `eval`. This line is made by
 318normalizing the arguments following `--sq-quote`. Nothing other than
 319quoting the arguments is done.
 320
 321If you want command input to still be interpreted as usual by
 322'git rev-parse' before the output is shell quoted, see the `--sq`
 323option.
 324
 325Example
 326~~~~~~~
 327
 328------------
 329$ cat >your-git-script.sh <<\EOF
 330#!/bin/sh
 331args=$(git rev-parse --sq-quote "$@")   # quote user-supplied arguments
 332command="git frotz -n24 $args"          # and use it inside a handcrafted
 333                                        # command line
 334eval "$command"
 335EOF
 336
 337$ sh your-git-script.sh "a b'c"
 338------------
 339
 340EXAMPLES
 341--------
 342
 343* Print the object name of the current commit:
 344+
 345------------
 346$ git rev-parse --verify HEAD
 347------------
 348
 349* Print the commit object name from the revision in the $REV shell variable:
 350+
 351------------
 352$ git rev-parse --verify $REV^{commit}
 353------------
 354+
 355This will error out if $REV is empty or not a valid revision.
 356
 357* Similar to above:
 358+
 359------------
 360$ git rev-parse --default master --verify $REV
 361------------
 362+
 363but if $REV is empty, the commit object name from master will be printed.
 364
 365GIT
 366---
 367Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite