1git(1) 2====== 3 4NAME 5---- 6git - the stupid content tracker 7 8 9SYNOPSIS 10-------- 11[verse] 12'git' [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c <name>=<value>] 13 [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path] 14 [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare] 15 [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>] 16 [--super-prefix=<path>] 17 <command> [<args>] 18 19DESCRIPTION 20----------- 21Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an 22unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations 23and full access to internals. 24 25See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see 26linkgit:giteveryday[7] for a useful minimum set of 27commands. The link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] has a more 28in-depth introduction. 29 30After you mastered the basic concepts, you can come back to this 31page to learn what commands Git offers. You can learn more about 32individual Git commands with "git help command". linkgit:gitcli[7] 33manual page gives you an overview of the command-line command syntax. 34 35A formatted and hyperlinked copy of the latest Git documentation 36can be viewed at `https://git.github.io/htmldocs/git.html`. 37 38ifdef::stalenotes[] 39[NOTE] 40============ 41 42You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly 43unreleased) version of Git, that is available from the 'master' 44branch of the `git.git` repository. 45Documentation for older releases are available here: 46 47* link:v2.13.0/git.html[documentation for release 2.13] 48 49* release notes for 50 link:RelNotes/2.13.0.txt[2.13]. 51 52 53* link:v2.12.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.12.3] 54 55* release notes for 56 link:RelNotes/2.12.3.txt[2.12.3], 57 link:RelNotes/2.12.2.txt[2.12.2], 58 link:RelNotes/2.12.1.txt[2.12.1], 59 link:RelNotes/2.12.0.txt[2.12]. 60 61* link:v2.11.1/git.html[documentation for release 2.11.1] 62 63* release notes for 64 link:RelNotes/2.11.2.txt[2.11.2], 65 link:RelNotes/2.11.1.txt[2.11.1], 66 link:RelNotes/2.11.0.txt[2.11]. 67 68* link:v2.10.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.10.3] 69 70* release notes for 71 link:RelNotes/2.10.3.txt[2.10.3], 72 link:RelNotes/2.10.2.txt[2.10.2], 73 link:RelNotes/2.10.1.txt[2.10.1], 74 link:RelNotes/2.10.0.txt[2.10]. 75 76* link:v2.9.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.9.4] 77 78* release notes for 79 link:RelNotes/2.9.4.txt[2.9.4], 80 link:RelNotes/2.9.3.txt[2.9.3], 81 link:RelNotes/2.9.2.txt[2.9.2], 82 link:RelNotes/2.9.1.txt[2.9.1], 83 link:RelNotes/2.9.0.txt[2.9]. 84 85* link:v2.8.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.8.5] 86 87* release notes for 88 link:RelNotes/2.8.5.txt[2.8.5], 89 link:RelNotes/2.8.4.txt[2.8.4], 90 link:RelNotes/2.8.3.txt[2.8.3], 91 link:RelNotes/2.8.2.txt[2.8.2], 92 link:RelNotes/2.8.1.txt[2.8.1], 93 link:RelNotes/2.8.0.txt[2.8]. 94 95* link:v2.7.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.7.5] 96 97* release notes for 98 link:RelNotes/2.7.5.txt[2.7.5], 99 link:RelNotes/2.7.4.txt[2.7.4], 100 link:RelNotes/2.7.3.txt[2.7.3], 101 link:RelNotes/2.7.2.txt[2.7.2], 102 link:RelNotes/2.7.1.txt[2.7.1], 103 link:RelNotes/2.7.0.txt[2.7]. 104 105* link:v2.6.7/git.html[documentation for release 2.6.7] 106 107* release notes for 108 link:RelNotes/2.6.7.txt[2.6.7], 109 link:RelNotes/2.6.6.txt[2.6.6], 110 link:RelNotes/2.6.5.txt[2.6.5], 111 link:RelNotes/2.6.4.txt[2.6.4], 112 link:RelNotes/2.6.3.txt[2.6.3], 113 link:RelNotes/2.6.2.txt[2.6.2], 114 link:RelNotes/2.6.1.txt[2.6.1], 115 link:RelNotes/2.6.0.txt[2.6]. 116 117* link:v2.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 2.5.6] 118 119* release notes for 120 link:RelNotes/2.5.6.txt[2.5.6], 121 link:RelNotes/2.5.5.txt[2.5.5], 122 link:RelNotes/2.5.4.txt[2.5.4], 123 link:RelNotes/2.5.3.txt[2.5.3], 124 link:RelNotes/2.5.2.txt[2.5.2], 125 link:RelNotes/2.5.1.txt[2.5.1], 126 link:RelNotes/2.5.0.txt[2.5]. 127 128* link:v2.4.12/git.html[documentation for release 2.4.12] 129 130* release notes for 131 link:RelNotes/2.4.12.txt[2.4.12], 132 link:RelNotes/2.4.11.txt[2.4.11], 133 link:RelNotes/2.4.10.txt[2.4.10], 134 link:RelNotes/2.4.9.txt[2.4.9], 135 link:RelNotes/2.4.8.txt[2.4.8], 136 link:RelNotes/2.4.7.txt[2.4.7], 137 link:RelNotes/2.4.6.txt[2.4.6], 138 link:RelNotes/2.4.5.txt[2.4.5], 139 link:RelNotes/2.4.4.txt[2.4.4], 140 link:RelNotes/2.4.3.txt[2.4.3], 141 link:RelNotes/2.4.2.txt[2.4.2], 142 link:RelNotes/2.4.1.txt[2.4.1], 143 link:RelNotes/2.4.0.txt[2.4]. 144 145* link:v2.3.10/git.html[documentation for release 2.3.10] 146 147* release notes for 148 link:RelNotes/2.3.10.txt[2.3.10], 149 link:RelNotes/2.3.9.txt[2.3.9], 150 link:RelNotes/2.3.8.txt[2.3.8], 151 link:RelNotes/2.3.7.txt[2.3.7], 152 link:RelNotes/2.3.6.txt[2.3.6], 153 link:RelNotes/2.3.5.txt[2.3.5], 154 link:RelNotes/2.3.4.txt[2.3.4], 155 link:RelNotes/2.3.3.txt[2.3.3], 156 link:RelNotes/2.3.2.txt[2.3.2], 157 link:RelNotes/2.3.1.txt[2.3.1], 158 link:RelNotes/2.3.0.txt[2.3]. 159 160* link:v2.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 2.2.3] 161 162* release notes for 163 link:RelNotes/2.2.3.txt[2.2.3], 164 link:RelNotes/2.2.2.txt[2.2.2], 165 link:RelNotes/2.2.1.txt[2.2.1], 166 link:RelNotes/2.2.0.txt[2.2]. 167 168* link:v2.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 2.1.4] 169 170* release notes for 171 link:RelNotes/2.1.4.txt[2.1.4], 172 link:RelNotes/2.1.3.txt[2.1.3], 173 link:RelNotes/2.1.2.txt[2.1.2], 174 link:RelNotes/2.1.1.txt[2.1.1], 175 link:RelNotes/2.1.0.txt[2.1]. 176 177* link:v2.0.5/git.html[documentation for release 2.0.5] 178 179* release notes for 180 link:RelNotes/2.0.5.txt[2.0.5], 181 link:RelNotes/2.0.4.txt[2.0.4], 182 link:RelNotes/2.0.3.txt[2.0.3], 183 link:RelNotes/2.0.2.txt[2.0.2], 184 link:RelNotes/2.0.1.txt[2.0.1], 185 link:RelNotes/2.0.0.txt[2.0.0]. 186 187* link:v1.9.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.9.5] 188 189* release notes for 190 link:RelNotes/1.9.5.txt[1.9.5], 191 link:RelNotes/1.9.4.txt[1.9.4], 192 link:RelNotes/1.9.3.txt[1.9.3], 193 link:RelNotes/1.9.2.txt[1.9.2], 194 link:RelNotes/1.9.1.txt[1.9.1], 195 link:RelNotes/1.9.0.txt[1.9.0]. 196 197* link:v1.8.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.5.6] 198 199* release notes for 200 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.6.txt[1.8.5.6], 201 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.5.txt[1.8.5.5], 202 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.4.txt[1.8.5.4], 203 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.3.txt[1.8.5.3], 204 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.2.txt[1.8.5.2], 205 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.1.txt[1.8.5.1], 206 link:RelNotes/1.8.5.txt[1.8.5]. 207 208* link:v1.8.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.4.5] 209 210* release notes for 211 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.5.txt[1.8.4.5], 212 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.4.txt[1.8.4.4], 213 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.3.txt[1.8.4.3], 214 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.2.txt[1.8.4.2], 215 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.1.txt[1.8.4.1], 216 link:RelNotes/1.8.4.txt[1.8.4]. 217 218* link:v1.8.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.3.4] 219 220* release notes for 221 link:RelNotes/1.8.3.4.txt[1.8.3.4], 222 link:RelNotes/1.8.3.3.txt[1.8.3.3], 223 link:RelNotes/1.8.3.2.txt[1.8.3.2], 224 link:RelNotes/1.8.3.1.txt[1.8.3.1], 225 link:RelNotes/1.8.3.txt[1.8.3]. 226 227* link:v1.8.2.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.2.3] 228 229* release notes for 230 link:RelNotes/1.8.2.3.txt[1.8.2.3], 231 link:RelNotes/1.8.2.2.txt[1.8.2.2], 232 link:RelNotes/1.8.2.1.txt[1.8.2.1], 233 link:RelNotes/1.8.2.txt[1.8.2]. 234 235* link:v1.8.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.1.6] 236 237* release notes for 238 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.6.txt[1.8.1.6], 239 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.5.txt[1.8.1.5], 240 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.4.txt[1.8.1.4], 241 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.3.txt[1.8.1.3], 242 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.2.txt[1.8.1.2], 243 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.1.txt[1.8.1.1], 244 link:RelNotes/1.8.1.txt[1.8.1]. 245 246* link:v1.8.0.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.8.0.3] 247 248* release notes for 249 link:RelNotes/1.8.0.3.txt[1.8.0.3], 250 link:RelNotes/1.8.0.2.txt[1.8.0.2], 251 link:RelNotes/1.8.0.1.txt[1.8.0.1], 252 link:RelNotes/1.8.0.txt[1.8.0]. 253 254* link:v1.7.12.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.12.4] 255 256* release notes for 257 link:RelNotes/1.7.12.4.txt[1.7.12.4], 258 link:RelNotes/1.7.12.3.txt[1.7.12.3], 259 link:RelNotes/1.7.12.2.txt[1.7.12.2], 260 link:RelNotes/1.7.12.1.txt[1.7.12.1], 261 link:RelNotes/1.7.12.txt[1.7.12]. 262 263* link:v1.7.11.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.11.7] 264 265* release notes for 266 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.7.txt[1.7.11.7], 267 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.6.txt[1.7.11.6], 268 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.5.txt[1.7.11.5], 269 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.4.txt[1.7.11.4], 270 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.3.txt[1.7.11.3], 271 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.2.txt[1.7.11.2], 272 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.1.txt[1.7.11.1], 273 link:RelNotes/1.7.11.txt[1.7.11]. 274 275* link:v1.7.10.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.10.5] 276 277* release notes for 278 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.5.txt[1.7.10.5], 279 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.4.txt[1.7.10.4], 280 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.3.txt[1.7.10.3], 281 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.2.txt[1.7.10.2], 282 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.1.txt[1.7.10.1], 283 link:RelNotes/1.7.10.txt[1.7.10]. 284 285* link:v1.7.9.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.9.7] 286 287* release notes for 288 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.7.txt[1.7.9.7], 289 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.6.txt[1.7.9.6], 290 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.5.txt[1.7.9.5], 291 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.4.txt[1.7.9.4], 292 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.3.txt[1.7.9.3], 293 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.2.txt[1.7.9.2], 294 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.1.txt[1.7.9.1], 295 link:RelNotes/1.7.9.txt[1.7.9]. 296 297* link:v1.7.8.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.8.6] 298 299* release notes for 300 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.6.txt[1.7.8.6], 301 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.5.txt[1.7.8.5], 302 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.4.txt[1.7.8.4], 303 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.3.txt[1.7.8.3], 304 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.2.txt[1.7.8.2], 305 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.1.txt[1.7.8.1], 306 link:RelNotes/1.7.8.txt[1.7.8]. 307 308* link:v1.7.7.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.7.7] 309 310* release notes for 311 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.7.txt[1.7.7.7], 312 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.6.txt[1.7.7.6], 313 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.5.txt[1.7.7.5], 314 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.4.txt[1.7.7.4], 315 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.3.txt[1.7.7.3], 316 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.2.txt[1.7.7.2], 317 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.1.txt[1.7.7.1], 318 link:RelNotes/1.7.7.txt[1.7.7]. 319 320* link:v1.7.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.6.6] 321 322* release notes for 323 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.6.txt[1.7.6.6], 324 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.5.txt[1.7.6.5], 325 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.4.txt[1.7.6.4], 326 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.3.txt[1.7.6.3], 327 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.2.txt[1.7.6.2], 328 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.1.txt[1.7.6.1], 329 link:RelNotes/1.7.6.txt[1.7.6]. 330 331* link:v1.7.5.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.5.4] 332 333* release notes for 334 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.4.txt[1.7.5.4], 335 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.3.txt[1.7.5.3], 336 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.2.txt[1.7.5.2], 337 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.1.txt[1.7.5.1], 338 link:RelNotes/1.7.5.txt[1.7.5]. 339 340* link:v1.7.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.4.5] 341 342* release notes for 343 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.5.txt[1.7.4.5], 344 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.4.txt[1.7.4.4], 345 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.3.txt[1.7.4.3], 346 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.2.txt[1.7.4.2], 347 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.1.txt[1.7.4.1], 348 link:RelNotes/1.7.4.txt[1.7.4]. 349 350* link:v1.7.3.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.3.5] 351 352* release notes for 353 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.5.txt[1.7.3.5], 354 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.4.txt[1.7.3.4], 355 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.3.txt[1.7.3.3], 356 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.2.txt[1.7.3.2], 357 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.1.txt[1.7.3.1], 358 link:RelNotes/1.7.3.txt[1.7.3]. 359 360* link:v1.7.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.2.5] 361 362* release notes for 363 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.5.txt[1.7.2.5], 364 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.4.txt[1.7.2.4], 365 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.3.txt[1.7.2.3], 366 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.2.txt[1.7.2.2], 367 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.1.txt[1.7.2.1], 368 link:RelNotes/1.7.2.txt[1.7.2]. 369 370* link:v1.7.1.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.1.4] 371 372* release notes for 373 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.4.txt[1.7.1.4], 374 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.3.txt[1.7.1.3], 375 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.2.txt[1.7.1.2], 376 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.1.txt[1.7.1.1], 377 link:RelNotes/1.7.1.txt[1.7.1]. 378 379* link:v1.7.0.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.0.9] 380 381* release notes for 382 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.9.txt[1.7.0.9], 383 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.8.txt[1.7.0.8], 384 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.7.txt[1.7.0.7], 385 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.6.txt[1.7.0.6], 386 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.5.txt[1.7.0.5], 387 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.4.txt[1.7.0.4], 388 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.3.txt[1.7.0.3], 389 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.2.txt[1.7.0.2], 390 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.1.txt[1.7.0.1], 391 link:RelNotes/1.7.0.txt[1.7.0]. 392 393* link:v1.6.6.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.3] 394 395* release notes for 396 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.3.txt[1.6.6.3], 397 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.2.txt[1.6.6.2], 398 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.1.txt[1.6.6.1], 399 link:RelNotes/1.6.6.txt[1.6.6]. 400 401* link:v1.6.5.9/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.9] 402 403* release notes for 404 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.9.txt[1.6.5.9], 405 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.8.txt[1.6.5.8], 406 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.7.txt[1.6.5.7], 407 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.6.txt[1.6.5.6], 408 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.5.txt[1.6.5.5], 409 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.4.txt[1.6.5.4], 410 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.3.txt[1.6.5.3], 411 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.2.txt[1.6.5.2], 412 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.1.txt[1.6.5.1], 413 link:RelNotes/1.6.5.txt[1.6.5]. 414 415* link:v1.6.4.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.5] 416 417* release notes for 418 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.5.txt[1.6.4.5], 419 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.4.txt[1.6.4.4], 420 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3], 421 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.2.txt[1.6.4.2], 422 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.1.txt[1.6.4.1], 423 link:RelNotes/1.6.4.txt[1.6.4]. 424 425* link:v1.6.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.3.4] 426 427* release notes for 428 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.4.txt[1.6.3.4], 429 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.3.txt[1.6.3.3], 430 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.2.txt[1.6.3.2], 431 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.1.txt[1.6.3.1], 432 link:RelNotes/1.6.3.txt[1.6.3]. 433 434* release notes for 435 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.5.txt[1.6.2.5], 436 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.4.txt[1.6.2.4], 437 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.3.txt[1.6.2.3], 438 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.2.txt[1.6.2.2], 439 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.1.txt[1.6.2.1], 440 link:RelNotes/1.6.2.txt[1.6.2]. 441 442* link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3] 443 444* release notes for 445 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.3.txt[1.6.1.3], 446 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.2.txt[1.6.1.2], 447 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1], 448 link:RelNotes/1.6.1.txt[1.6.1]. 449 450* link:v1.6.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.0.6] 451 452* release notes for 453 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6], 454 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.5.txt[1.6.0.5], 455 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.4.txt[1.6.0.4], 456 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.3.txt[1.6.0.3], 457 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.2.txt[1.6.0.2], 458 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.1.txt[1.6.0.1], 459 link:RelNotes/1.6.0.txt[1.6.0]. 460 461* link:v1.5.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.6] 462 463* release notes for 464 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.6.txt[1.5.6.6], 465 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.5.txt[1.5.6.5], 466 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.4.txt[1.5.6.4], 467 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.3.txt[1.5.6.3], 468 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2], 469 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1], 470 link:RelNotes/1.5.6.txt[1.5.6]. 471 472* link:v1.5.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.6] 473 474* release notes for 475 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6], 476 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.5.txt[1.5.5.5], 477 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4], 478 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3], 479 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2], 480 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1], 481 link:RelNotes/1.5.5.txt[1.5.5]. 482 483* link:v1.5.4.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.7] 484 485* release notes for 486 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7], 487 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.6.txt[1.5.4.6], 488 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5], 489 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4], 490 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3], 491 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2], 492 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1], 493 link:RelNotes/1.5.4.txt[1.5.4]. 494 495* link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8] 496 497* release notes for 498 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8], 499 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7], 500 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6], 501 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5], 502 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4], 503 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3], 504 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2], 505 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1], 506 link:RelNotes/1.5.3.txt[1.5.3]. 507 508* link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5] 509 510* release notes for 511 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5], 512 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4], 513 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3], 514 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2], 515 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1], 516 link:RelNotes/1.5.2.txt[1.5.2]. 517 518* link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6] 519 520* release notes for 521 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6], 522 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5], 523 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4], 524 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3], 525 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2], 526 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1], 527 link:RelNotes/1.5.1.txt[1.5.1]. 528 529* link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7] 530 531* release notes for 532 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7], 533 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6], 534 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5], 535 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3], 536 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2], 537 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1], 538 link:RelNotes/1.5.0.txt[1.5.0]. 539 540* documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4], 541 link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3], 542 link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6], 543 link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13]. 544 545============ 546 547endif::stalenotes[] 548 549OPTIONS 550------- 551--version:: 552 Prints the Git suite version that the 'git' program came from. 553 554--help:: 555 Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used 556 commands. If the option `--all` or `-a` is given then all 557 available commands are printed. If a Git command is named this 558 option will bring up the manual page for that command. 559+ 560Other options are available to control how the manual page is 561displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information, 562because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git 563help ...`. 564 565-C <path>:: 566 Run as if git was started in '<path>' instead of the current working 567 directory. When multiple `-C` options are given, each subsequent 568 non-absolute `-C <path>` is interpreted relative to the preceding `-C 569 <path>`. 570+ 571This option affects options that expect path name like `--git-dir` and 572`--work-tree` in that their interpretations of the path names would be 573made relative to the working directory caused by the `-C` option. For 574example the following invocations are equivalent: 575 576 git --git-dir=a.git --work-tree=b -C c status 577 git --git-dir=c/a.git --work-tree=c/b status 578 579-c <name>=<value>:: 580 Pass a configuration parameter to the command. The value 581 given will override values from configuration files. 582 The <name> is expected in the same format as listed by 583 'git config' (subkeys separated by dots). 584+ 585Note that omitting the `=` in `git -c foo.bar ...` is allowed and sets 586`foo.bar` to the boolean true value (just like `[foo]bar` would in a 587config file). Including the equals but with an empty value (like `git -c 588foo.bar= ...`) sets `foo.bar` to the empty string. 589 590--exec-path[=<path>]:: 591 Path to wherever your core Git programs are installed. 592 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH 593 environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print 594 the current setting and then exit. 595 596--html-path:: 597 Print the path, without trailing slash, where Git's HTML 598 documentation is installed and exit. 599 600--man-path:: 601 Print the manpath (see `man(1)`) for the man pages for 602 this version of Git and exit. 603 604--info-path:: 605 Print the path where the Info files documenting this 606 version of Git are installed and exit. 607 608-p:: 609--paginate:: 610 Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER) if standard 611 output is a terminal. This overrides the `pager.<cmd>` 612 configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section 613 below). 614 615--no-pager:: 616 Do not pipe Git output into a pager. 617 618--git-dir=<path>:: 619 Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by 620 setting the `GIT_DIR` environment variable. It can be an absolute 621 path or relative path to current working directory. 622 623--work-tree=<path>:: 624 Set the path to the working tree. It can be an absolute path 625 or a path relative to the current working directory. 626 This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE 627 environment variable and the core.worktree configuration 628 variable (see core.worktree in linkgit:git-config[1] for a 629 more detailed discussion). 630 631--namespace=<path>:: 632 Set the Git namespace. See linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for more 633 details. Equivalent to setting the `GIT_NAMESPACE` environment 634 variable. 635 636--super-prefix=<path>:: 637 Currently for internal use only. Set a prefix which gives a path from 638 above a repository down to its root. One use is to give submodules 639 context about the superproject that invoked it. 640 641--bare:: 642 Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR 643 environment is not set, it is set to the current working 644 directory. 645 646--no-replace-objects:: 647 Do not use replacement refs to replace Git objects. See 648 linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information. 649 650--literal-pathspecs:: 651 Treat pathspecs literally (i.e. no globbing, no pathspec magic). 652 This is equivalent to setting the `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS` environment 653 variable to `1`. 654 655--glob-pathspecs:: 656 Add "glob" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting 657 the `GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Disabling 658 globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec 659 magic ":(literal)" 660 661--noglob-pathspecs:: 662 Add "literal" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting 663 the `GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. Enabling 664 globbing on individual pathspecs can be done using pathspec 665 magic ":(glob)" 666 667--icase-pathspecs:: 668 Add "icase" magic to all pathspec. This is equivalent to setting 669 the `GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS` environment variable to `1`. 670 671GIT COMMANDS 672------------ 673 674We divide Git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level 675("plumbing") commands. 676 677High-level commands (porcelain) 678------------------------------- 679 680We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some 681ancillary user utilities. 682 683Main porcelain commands 684~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 685 686include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[] 687 688Ancillary Commands 689~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 690Manipulators: 691 692include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[] 693 694Interrogators: 695 696include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[] 697 698 699Interacting with Others 700~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 701 702These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other 703people via patch over e-mail. 704 705include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[] 706 707 708Low-level commands (plumbing) 709----------------------------- 710 711Although Git includes its 712own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support 713development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains 714might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and 715linkgit:git-read-tree[1]. 716 717The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics) 718to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable 719than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are 720primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands 721on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the 722end user experience. 723 724The following description divides 725the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in 726the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and 727compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between 728repositories. 729 730 731Manipulation commands 732~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 733 734include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[] 735 736 737Interrogation commands 738~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 739 740include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[] 741 742In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in 743the working tree. 744 745 746Synching repositories 747~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 748 749include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[] 750 751The following are helper commands used by the above; end users 752typically do not use them directly. 753 754include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[] 755 756 757Internal helper commands 758~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 759 760These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end 761users typically do not use them directly. 762 763include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[] 764 765 766Configuration Mechanism 767----------------------- 768 769Git uses a simple text format to store customizations that are per 770repository and are per user. Such a configuration file may look 771like this: 772 773------------ 774# 775# A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment. 776# 777 778; core variables 779[core] 780 ; Don't trust file modes 781 filemode = false 782 783; user identity 784[user] 785 name = "Junio C Hamano" 786 email = "gitster@pobox.com" 787 788------------ 789 790Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust 791their operation accordingly. See linkgit:git-config[1] for a 792list and more details about the configuration mechanism. 793 794 795Identifier Terminology 796---------------------- 797<object>:: 798 Indicates the object name for any type of object. 799 800<blob>:: 801 Indicates a blob object name. 802 803<tree>:: 804 Indicates a tree object name. 805 806<commit>:: 807 Indicates a commit object name. 808 809<tree-ish>:: 810 Indicates a tree, commit or tag object name. A 811 command that takes a <tree-ish> argument ultimately wants to 812 operate on a <tree> object but automatically dereferences 813 <commit> and <tag> objects that point at a <tree>. 814 815<commit-ish>:: 816 Indicates a commit or tag object name. A 817 command that takes a <commit-ish> argument ultimately wants to 818 operate on a <commit> object but automatically dereferences 819 <tag> objects that point at a <commit>. 820 821<type>:: 822 Indicates that an object type is required. 823 Currently one of: `blob`, `tree`, `commit`, or `tag`. 824 825<file>:: 826 Indicates a filename - almost always relative to the 827 root of the tree structure `GIT_INDEX_FILE` describes. 828 829Symbolic Identifiers 830-------------------- 831Any Git command accepting any <object> can also use the following 832symbolic notation: 833 834HEAD:: 835 indicates the head of the current branch. 836 837<tag>:: 838 a valid tag 'name' 839 (i.e. a `refs/tags/<tag>` reference). 840 841<head>:: 842 a valid head 'name' 843 (i.e. a `refs/heads/<head>` reference). 844 845For a more complete list of ways to spell object names, see 846"SPECIFYING REVISIONS" section in linkgit:gitrevisions[7]. 847 848 849File/Directory Structure 850------------------------ 851 852Please see the linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] document. 853 854Read linkgit:githooks[5] for more details about each hook. 855 856Higher level SCMs may provide and manage additional information in the 857`$GIT_DIR`. 858 859 860Terminology 861----------- 862Please see linkgit:gitglossary[7]. 863 864 865Environment Variables 866--------------------- 867Various Git commands use the following environment variables: 868 869The Git Repository 870~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 871These environment variables apply to 'all' core Git commands. Nb: it 872is worth noting that they may be used/overridden by SCMS sitting above 873Git so take care if using a foreign front-end. 874 875`GIT_INDEX_FILE`:: 876 This environment allows the specification of an alternate 877 index file. If not specified, the default of `$GIT_DIR/index` 878 is used. 879 880`GIT_INDEX_VERSION`:: 881 This environment variable allows the specification of an index 882 version for new repositories. It won't affect existing index 883 files. By default index file version 2 or 3 is used. See 884 linkgit:git-update-index[1] for more information. 885 886`GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY`:: 887 If the object storage directory is specified via this 888 environment variable then the sha1 directories are created 889 underneath - otherwise the default `$GIT_DIR/objects` 890 directory is used. 891 892`GIT_ALTERNATE_OBJECT_DIRECTORIES`:: 893 Due to the immutable nature of Git objects, old objects can be 894 archived into shared, read-only directories. This variable 895 specifies a ":" separated (on Windows ";" separated) list 896 of Git object directories which can be used to search for Git 897 objects. New objects will not be written to these directories. 898+ 899 Entries that begin with `"` (double-quote) will be interpreted 900 as C-style quoted paths, removing leading and trailing 901 double-quotes and respecting backslash escapes. E.g., the value 902 `"path-with-\"-and-:-in-it":vanilla-path` has two paths: 903 `path-with-"-and-:-in-it` and `vanilla-path`. 904 905`GIT_DIR`:: 906 If the `GIT_DIR` environment variable is set then it 907 specifies a path to use instead of the default `.git` 908 for the base of the repository. 909 The `--git-dir` command-line option also sets this value. 910 911`GIT_WORK_TREE`:: 912 Set the path to the root of the working tree. 913 This can also be controlled by the `--work-tree` command-line 914 option and the core.worktree configuration variable. 915 916`GIT_NAMESPACE`:: 917 Set the Git namespace; see linkgit:gitnamespaces[7] for details. 918 The `--namespace` command-line option also sets this value. 919 920`GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`:: 921 This should be a colon-separated list of absolute paths. If 922 set, it is a list of directories that Git should not chdir up 923 into while looking for a repository directory (useful for 924 excluding slow-loading network directories). It will not 925 exclude the current working directory or a GIT_DIR set on the 926 command line or in the environment. Normally, Git has to read 927 the entries in this list and resolve any symlink that 928 might be present in order to compare them with the current 929 directory. However, if even this access is slow, you 930 can add an empty entry to the list to tell Git that the 931 subsequent entries are not symlinks and needn't be resolved; 932 e.g., 933 `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES=/maybe/symlink::/very/slow/non/symlink`. 934 935`GIT_DISCOVERY_ACROSS_FILESYSTEM`:: 936 When run in a directory that does not have ".git" repository 937 directory, Git tries to find such a directory in the parent 938 directories to find the top of the working tree, but by default it 939 does not cross filesystem boundaries. This environment variable 940 can be set to true to tell Git not to stop at filesystem 941 boundaries. Like `GIT_CEILING_DIRECTORIES`, this will not affect 942 an explicit repository directory set via `GIT_DIR` or on the 943 command line. 944 945`GIT_COMMON_DIR`:: 946 If this variable is set to a path, non-worktree files that are 947 normally in $GIT_DIR will be taken from this path 948 instead. Worktree-specific files such as HEAD or index are 949 taken from $GIT_DIR. See linkgit:gitrepository-layout[5] and 950 linkgit:git-worktree[1] for 951 details. This variable has lower precedence than other path 952 variables such as GIT_INDEX_FILE, GIT_OBJECT_DIRECTORY... 953 954Git Commits 955~~~~~~~~~~~ 956`GIT_AUTHOR_NAME`:: 957`GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL`:: 958`GIT_AUTHOR_DATE`:: 959`GIT_COMMITTER_NAME`:: 960`GIT_COMMITTER_EMAIL`:: 961`GIT_COMMITTER_DATE`:: 962'EMAIL':: 963 see linkgit:git-commit-tree[1] 964 965Git Diffs 966~~~~~~~~~ 967`GIT_DIFF_OPTS`:: 968 Only valid setting is "--unified=??" or "-u??" to set the 969 number of context lines shown when a unified diff is created. 970 This takes precedence over any "-U" or "--unified" option 971 value passed on the Git diff command line. 972 973`GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF`:: 974 When the environment variable `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is set, the 975 program named by it is called, instead of the diff invocation 976 described above. For a path that is added, removed, or modified, 977 `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 7 parameters: 978 979 path old-file old-hex old-mode new-file new-hex new-mode 980+ 981where: 982 983 <old|new>-file:: are files GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF can use to read the 984 contents of <old|new>, 985 <old|new>-hex:: are the 40-hexdigit SHA-1 hashes, 986 <old|new>-mode:: are the octal representation of the file modes. 987+ 988The file parameters can point at the user's working file 989(e.g. `new-file` in "git-diff-files"), `/dev/null` (e.g. `old-file` 990when a new file is added), or a temporary file (e.g. `old-file` in the 991index). `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` should not worry about unlinking the 992temporary file --- it is removed when `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` exits. 993+ 994For a path that is unmerged, `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called with 1 995parameter, <path>. 996+ 997For each path `GIT_EXTERNAL_DIFF` is called, two environment variables, 998`GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER` and `GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL` are set. 9991000`GIT_DIFF_PATH_COUNTER`::1001 A 1-based counter incremented by one for every path.10021003`GIT_DIFF_PATH_TOTAL`::1004 The total number of paths.10051006other1007~~~~~1008`GIT_MERGE_VERBOSITY`::1009 A number controlling the amount of output shown by1010 the recursive merge strategy. Overrides merge.verbosity.1011 See linkgit:git-merge[1]10121013`GIT_PAGER`::1014 This environment variable overrides `$PAGER`. If it is set1015 to an empty string or to the value "cat", Git will not launch1016 a pager. See also the `core.pager` option in1017 linkgit:git-config[1].10181019`GIT_EDITOR`::1020 This environment variable overrides `$EDITOR` and `$VISUAL`.1021 It is used by several Git commands when, on interactive mode,1022 an editor is to be launched. See also linkgit:git-var[1]1023 and the `core.editor` option in linkgit:git-config[1].10241025`GIT_SSH`::1026`GIT_SSH_COMMAND`::1027 If either of these environment variables is set then 'git fetch'1028 and 'git push' will use the specified command instead of 'ssh'1029 when they need to connect to a remote system.1030 The command will be given exactly two or four arguments: the1031 'username@host' (or just 'host') from the URL and the shell1032 command to execute on that remote system, optionally preceded by1033 `-p` (literally) and the 'port' from the URL when it specifies1034 something other than the default SSH port.1035+1036`$GIT_SSH_COMMAND` takes precedence over `$GIT_SSH`, and is interpreted1037by the shell, which allows additional arguments to be included.1038`$GIT_SSH` on the other hand must be just the path to a program1039(which can be a wrapper shell script, if additional arguments are1040needed).1041+1042Usually it is easier to configure any desired options through your1043personal `.ssh/config` file. Please consult your ssh documentation1044for further details.10451046`GIT_SSH_VARIANT`::1047 If this environment variable is set, it overrides Git's autodetection1048 whether `GIT_SSH`/`GIT_SSH_COMMAND`/`core.sshCommand` refer to OpenSSH,1049 plink or tortoiseplink. This variable overrides the config setting1050 `ssh.variant` that serves the same purpose.10511052`GIT_ASKPASS`::1053 If this environment variable is set, then Git commands which need to1054 acquire passwords or passphrases (e.g. for HTTP or IMAP authentication)1055 will call this program with a suitable prompt as command-line argument1056 and read the password from its STDOUT. See also the `core.askPass`1057 option in linkgit:git-config[1].10581059`GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT`::1060 If this environment variable is set to `0`, git will not prompt1061 on the terminal (e.g., when asking for HTTP authentication).10621063`GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM`::1064 Whether to skip reading settings from the system-wide1065 `$(prefix)/etc/gitconfig` file. This environment variable can1066 be used along with `$HOME` and `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME` to create a1067 predictable environment for a picky script, or you can set it1068 temporarily to avoid using a buggy `/etc/gitconfig` file while1069 waiting for someone with sufficient permissions to fix it.10701071`GIT_FLUSH`::1072 If this environment variable is set to "1", then commands such1073 as 'git blame' (in incremental mode), 'git rev-list', 'git log',1074 'git check-attr' and 'git check-ignore' will1075 force a flush of the output stream after each record have been1076 flushed. If this1077 variable is set to "0", the output of these commands will be done1078 using completely buffered I/O. If this environment variable is1079 not set, Git will choose buffered or record-oriented flushing1080 based on whether stdout appears to be redirected to a file or not.10811082`GIT_TRACE`::1083 Enables general trace messages, e.g. alias expansion, built-in1084 command execution and external command execution.1085+1086If this variable is set to "1", "2" or "true" (comparison1087is case insensitive), trace messages will be printed to1088stderr.1089+1090If the variable is set to an integer value greater than 21091and lower than 10 (strictly) then Git will interpret this1092value as an open file descriptor and will try to write the1093trace messages into this file descriptor.1094+1095Alternatively, if the variable is set to an absolute path1096(starting with a '/' character), Git will interpret this1097as a file path and will try to write the trace messages1098into it.1099+1100Unsetting the variable, or setting it to empty, "0" or1101"false" (case insensitive) disables trace messages.11021103`GIT_TRACE_PACK_ACCESS`::1104 Enables trace messages for all accesses to any packs. For each1105 access, the pack file name and an offset in the pack is1106 recorded. This may be helpful for troubleshooting some1107 pack-related performance problems.1108 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.11091110`GIT_TRACE_PACKET`::1111 Enables trace messages for all packets coming in or out of a1112 given program. This can help with debugging object negotiation1113 or other protocol issues. Tracing is turned off at a packet1114 starting with "PACK" (but see `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE` below).1115 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.11161117`GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE`::1118 Enables tracing of packfiles sent or received by a1119 given program. Unlike other trace output, this trace is1120 verbatim: no headers, and no quoting of binary data. You almost1121 certainly want to direct into a file (e.g.,1122 `GIT_TRACE_PACKFILE=/tmp/my.pack`) rather than displaying it on1123 the terminal or mixing it with other trace output.1124+1125Note that this is currently only implemented for the client side1126of clones and fetches.11271128`GIT_TRACE_PERFORMANCE`::1129 Enables performance related trace messages, e.g. total execution1130 time of each Git command.1131 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.11321133`GIT_TRACE_SETUP`::1134 Enables trace messages printing the .git, working tree and current1135 working directory after Git has completed its setup phase.1136 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.11371138`GIT_TRACE_SHALLOW`::1139 Enables trace messages that can help debugging fetching /1140 cloning of shallow repositories.1141 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.11421143`GIT_TRACE_CURL`::1144 Enables a curl full trace dump of all incoming and outgoing data,1145 including descriptive information, of the git transport protocol.1146 This is similar to doing curl `--trace-ascii` on the command line.1147 This option overrides setting the `GIT_CURL_VERBOSE` environment1148 variable.1149 See `GIT_TRACE` for available trace output options.11501151`GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS`::1152 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all1153 pathspecs literally, rather than as glob patterns. For example,1154 running `GIT_LITERAL_PATHSPECS=1 git log -- '*.c'` will search1155 for commits that touch the path `*.c`, not any paths that the1156 glob `*.c` matches. You might want this if you are feeding1157 literal paths to Git (e.g., paths previously given to you by1158 `git ls-tree`, `--raw` diff output, etc).11591160`GIT_GLOB_PATHSPECS`::1161 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all1162 pathspecs as glob patterns (aka "glob" magic).11631164`GIT_NOGLOB_PATHSPECS`::1165 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all1166 pathspecs as literal (aka "literal" magic).11671168`GIT_ICASE_PATHSPECS`::1169 Setting this variable to `1` will cause Git to treat all1170 pathspecs as case-insensitive.11711172`GIT_REFLOG_ACTION`::1173 When a ref is updated, reflog entries are created to keep1174 track of the reason why the ref was updated (which is1175 typically the name of the high-level command that updated1176 the ref), in addition to the old and new values of the ref.1177 A scripted Porcelain command can use set_reflog_action1178 helper function in `git-sh-setup` to set its name to this1179 variable when it is invoked as the top level command by the1180 end user, to be recorded in the body of the reflog.11811182`GIT_REF_PARANOIA`::1183 If set to `1`, include broken or badly named refs when iterating1184 over lists of refs. In a normal, non-corrupted repository, this1185 does nothing. However, enabling it may help git to detect and1186 abort some operations in the presence of broken refs. Git sets1187 this variable automatically when performing destructive1188 operations like linkgit:git-prune[1]. You should not need to set1189 it yourself unless you want to be paranoid about making sure1190 an operation has touched every ref (e.g., because you are1191 cloning a repository to make a backup).11921193`GIT_ALLOW_PROTOCOL`::1194 If set to a colon-separated list of protocols, behave as if1195 `protocol.allow` is set to `never`, and each of the listed1196 protocols has `protocol.<name>.allow` set to `always`1197 (overriding any existing configuration). In other words, any1198 protocol not mentioned will be disallowed (i.e., this is a1199 whitelist, not a blacklist). See the description of1200 `protocol.allow` in linkgit:git-config[1] for more details.12011202`GIT_PROTOCOL_FROM_USER`::1203 Set to 0 to prevent protocols used by fetch/push/clone which are1204 configured to the `user` state. This is useful to restrict recursive1205 submodule initialization from an untrusted repository or for programs1206 which feed potentially-untrusted URLS to git commands. See1207 linkgit:git-config[1] for more details.12081209Discussion[[Discussion]]1210------------------------12111212More detail on the following is available from the1213link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the1214user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7].12151216A Git project normally consists of a working directory with a ".git"1217subdirectory at the top level. The .git directory contains, among other1218things, a compressed object database representing the complete history1219of the project, an "index" file which links that history to the current1220contents of the working tree, and named pointers into that history such1221as tags and branch heads.12221223The object database contains objects of three main types: blobs, which1224hold file data; trees, which point to blobs and other trees to build up1225directory hierarchies; and commits, which each reference a single tree1226and some number of parent commits.12271228The commit, equivalent to what other systems call a "changeset" or1229"version", represents a step in the project's history, and each parent1230represents an immediately preceding step. Commits with more than one1231parent represent merges of independent lines of development.12321233All objects are named by the SHA-1 hash of their contents, normally1234written as a string of 40 hex digits. Such names are globally unique.1235The entire history leading up to a commit can be vouched for by signing1236just that commit. A fourth object type, the tag, is provided for this1237purpose.12381239When first created, objects are stored in individual files, but for1240efficiency may later be compressed together into "pack files".12411242Named pointers called refs mark interesting points in history. A ref1243may contain the SHA-1 name of an object or the name of another ref. Refs1244with names beginning `ref/head/` contain the SHA-1 name of the most1245recent commit (or "head") of a branch under development. SHA-1 names of1246tags of interest are stored under `ref/tags/`. A special ref named1247`HEAD` contains the name of the currently checked-out branch.12481249The index file is initialized with a list of all paths and, for each1250path, a blob object and a set of attributes. The blob object represents1251the contents of the file as of the head of the current branch. The1252attributes (last modified time, size, etc.) are taken from the1253corresponding file in the working tree. Subsequent changes to the1254working tree can be found by comparing these attributes. The index may1255be updated with new content, and new commits may be created from the1256content stored in the index.12571258The index is also capable of storing multiple entries (called "stages")1259for a given pathname. These stages are used to hold the various1260unmerged version of a file when a merge is in progress.12611262FURTHER DOCUMENTATION1263---------------------12641265See the references in the "description" section to get started1266using Git. The following is probably more detail than necessary1267for a first-time user.12681269The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[Git concepts chapter of the1270user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide1271introductions to the underlying Git architecture.12721273See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.12741275See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful1276examples.12771278The internals are documented in the1279link:technical/api-index.html[Git API documentation].12801281Users migrating from CVS may also want to1282read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7].128312841285Authors1286-------1287Git was started by Linus Torvalds, and is currently maintained by Junio1288C Hamano. Numerous contributions have come from the Git mailing list1289<git@vger.kernel.org>. http://www.openhub.net/p/git/contributors/summary1290gives you a more complete list of contributors.12911292If you have a clone of git.git itself, the1293output of linkgit:git-shortlog[1] and linkgit:git-blame[1] can show you1294the authors for specific parts of the project.12951296Reporting Bugs1297--------------12981299Report bugs to the Git mailing list <git@vger.kernel.org> where the1300development and maintenance is primarily done. You do not have to be1301subscribed to the list to send a message there.13021303SEE ALSO1304--------1305linkgit:gittutorial[7], linkgit:gittutorial-2[7],1306linkgit:giteveryday[7], linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7],1307linkgit:gitglossary[7], linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7],1308linkgit:gitcli[7], link:user-manual.html[The Git User's Manual],1309linkgit:gitworkflows[7]13101311GIT1312---1313Part of the linkgit:git[1] suite