Documentation / technical / api-string-list.txton commit Merge branch 'fc/completion-send-email-with-format-patch' (d9253f2)
   1string-list API
   2===============
   3
   4The string_list API offers a data structure and functions to handle
   5sorted and unsorted string lists.  A "sorted" list is one whose
   6entries are sorted by string value in `strcmp()` order.
   7
   8The 'string_list' struct used to be called 'path_list', but was renamed
   9because it is not specific to paths.
  10
  11The caller:
  12
  13. Allocates and clears a `struct string_list` variable.
  14
  15. Initializes the members. You might want to set the flag `strdup_strings`
  16  if the strings should be strdup()ed. For example, this is necessary
  17  when you add something like git_path("..."), since that function returns
  18  a static buffer that will change with the next call to git_path().
  19+
  20If you need something advanced, you can manually malloc() the `items`
  21member (you need this if you add things later) and you should set the
  22`nr` and `alloc` members in that case, too.
  23
  24. Adds new items to the list, using `string_list_append`,
  25  `string_list_append_nodup`, `string_list_insert`,
  26  `string_list_split`, and/or `string_list_split_in_place`.
  27
  28. Can check if a string is in the list using `string_list_has_string` or
  29  `unsorted_string_list_has_string` and get it from the list using
  30  `string_list_lookup` for sorted lists.
  31
  32. Can sort an unsorted list using `sort_string_list`.
  33
  34. Can remove duplicate items from a sorted list using
  35  `string_list_remove_duplicates`.
  36
  37. Can remove individual items of an unsorted list using
  38  `unsorted_string_list_delete_item`.
  39
  40. Can remove items not matching a criterion from a sorted or unsorted
  41  list using `filter_string_list`.
  42
  43. Finally it should free the list using `string_list_clear`.
  44
  45Example:
  46
  47----
  48struct string_list list = STRING_LIST_INIT_NODUP;
  49int i;
  50
  51string_list_append(&list, "foo");
  52string_list_append(&list, "bar");
  53for (i = 0; i < list.nr; i++)
  54        printf("%s\n", list.items[i].string)
  55----
  56
  57NOTE: It is more efficient to build an unsorted list and sort it
  58afterwards, instead of building a sorted list (`O(n log n)` instead of
  59`O(n^2)`).
  60+
  61However, if you use the list to check if a certain string was added
  62already, you should not do that (using unsorted_string_list_has_string()),
  63because the complexity would be quadratic again (but with a worse factor).
  64
  65Functions
  66---------
  67
  68* General ones (works with sorted and unsorted lists as well)
  69
  70`filter_string_list`::
  71
  72        Apply a function to each item in a list, retaining only the
  73        items for which the function returns true.  If free_util is
  74        true, call free() on the util members of any items that have
  75        to be deleted.  Preserve the order of the items that are
  76        retained.
  77
  78`string_list_longest_prefix`::
  79
  80        Return the longest string within a string_list that is a
  81        prefix (in the sense of prefixcmp()) of the specified string,
  82        or NULL if no such prefix exists.  This function does not
  83        require the string_list to be sorted (it does a linear
  84        search).
  85
  86`print_string_list`::
  87
  88        Dump a string_list to stdout, useful mainly for debugging purposes. It
  89        can take an optional header argument and it writes out the
  90        string-pointer pairs of the string_list, each one in its own line.
  91
  92`string_list_clear`::
  93
  94        Free a string_list. The `string` pointer of the items will be freed in
  95        case the `strdup_strings` member of the string_list is set. The second
  96        parameter controls if the `util` pointer of the items should be freed
  97        or not.
  98
  99* Functions for sorted lists only
 100
 101`string_list_has_string`::
 102
 103        Determine if the string_list has a given string or not.
 104
 105`string_list_insert`::
 106
 107        Insert a new element to the string_list. The returned pointer can be
 108        handy if you want to write something to the `util` pointer of the
 109        string_list_item containing the just added string. If the given
 110        string already exists the insertion will be skipped and the
 111        pointer to the existing item returned.
 112+
 113Since this function uses xrealloc() (which die()s if it fails) if the
 114list needs to grow, it is safe not to check the pointer. I.e. you may
 115write `string_list_insert(...)->util = ...;`.
 116
 117`string_list_lookup`::
 118
 119        Look up a given string in the string_list, returning the containing
 120        string_list_item. If the string is not found, NULL is returned.
 121
 122`string_list_remove_duplicates`::
 123
 124        Remove all but the first of consecutive entries that have the
 125        same string value.  If free_util is true, call free() on the
 126        util members of any items that have to be deleted.
 127
 128* Functions for unsorted lists only
 129
 130`string_list_append`::
 131
 132        Append a new string to the end of the string_list.  If
 133        `strdup_string` is set, then the string argument is copied;
 134        otherwise the new `string_list_entry` refers to the input
 135        string.
 136
 137`string_list_append_nodup`::
 138
 139        Append a new string to the end of the string_list.  The new
 140        `string_list_entry` always refers to the input string, even if
 141        `strdup_string` is set.  This function can be used to hand
 142        ownership of a malloc()ed string to a `string_list` that has
 143        `strdup_string` set.
 144
 145`sort_string_list`::
 146
 147        Sort the list's entries by string value in `strcmp()` order.
 148
 149`unsorted_string_list_has_string`::
 150
 151        It's like `string_list_has_string()` but for unsorted lists.
 152
 153`unsorted_string_list_lookup`::
 154
 155        It's like `string_list_lookup()` but for unsorted lists.
 156+
 157The above two functions need to look through all items, as opposed to their
 158counterpart for sorted lists, which performs a binary search.
 159
 160`unsorted_string_list_delete_item`::
 161
 162        Remove an item from a string_list. The `string` pointer of the items
 163        will be freed in case the `strdup_strings` member of the string_list
 164        is set. The third parameter controls if the `util` pointer of the
 165        items should be freed or not.
 166
 167`string_list_split`::
 168`string_list_split_in_place`::
 169
 170        Split a string into substrings on a delimiter character and
 171        append the substrings to a `string_list`.  If `maxsplit` is
 172        non-negative, then split at most `maxsplit` times.  Return the
 173        number of substrings appended to the list.
 174+
 175`string_list_split` requires a `string_list` that has `strdup_strings`
 176set to true; it leaves the input string untouched and makes copies of
 177the substrings in newly-allocated memory.
 178`string_list_split_in_place` requires a `string_list` that has
 179`strdup_strings` set to false; it splits the input string in place,
 180overwriting the delimiter characters with NULs and creating new
 181string_list_items that point into the original string (the original
 182string must therefore not be modified or freed while the `string_list`
 183is in use).
 184
 185
 186Data structures
 187---------------
 188
 189* `struct string_list_item`
 190
 191Represents an item of the list. The `string` member is a pointer to the
 192string, and you may use the `util` member for any purpose, if you want.
 193
 194* `struct string_list`
 195
 196Represents the list itself.
 197
 198. The array of items are available via the `items` member.
 199. The `nr` member contains the number of items stored in the list.
 200. The `alloc` member is used to avoid reallocating at every insertion.
 201  You should not tamper with it.
 202. Setting the `strdup_strings` member to 1 will strdup() the strings
 203  before adding them, see above.