1 2 Note that the only valid version of the GPL as far as this project 3 is concerned is _this_ particular version of the license (ie v2, not 4 v2.2 or v3.x or whatever), unless explicitly otherwise stated. 5 6 HOWEVER, in order to allow a migration to GPLv3 if that seems like 7 a good idea, I also ask that people involved with the project make 8 their preferences known. In particular, if you trust me to make that 9 decision, you might note so in your copyright message, ie something 10 like 11 12 This file is licensed under the GPL v2, or a later version 13 at the discretion of Linus. 14 15 might avoid issues. But we can also just decide to synchronize and 16 contact all copyright holders on record if/when the occasion arises. 17 18 Linus Torvalds 19 20---------------------------------------- 21 22 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 23 Version 2, June 1991 24 25 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 26 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA 27 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies 28 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. 29 30 Preamble 31 32 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your 33freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public 34License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free 35software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This 36General Public License applies to most of the Free Software 37Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to 38using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by 39the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to 40your programs, too. 41 42 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not 43price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you 44have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for 45this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it 46if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it 47in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things. 48 49 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid 50anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights. 51These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you 52distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it. 53 54 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether 55gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that 56you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the 57source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their 58rights. 59 60 We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and 61(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, 62distribute and/or modify the software. 63 64 Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain 65that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free 66software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we 67want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so 68that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original 69authors' reputations. 70 71 Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software 72patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributors of a free 73program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the 74program proprietary. To prevent this, we have made it clear that any 75patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all. 76 77 The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and 78modification follow. 79\f 80 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE 81 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION 82 83 0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains 84a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed 85under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, 86refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" 87means either the Program or any derivative work under copyright law: 88that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, 89either verbatim or with modifications and/or translated into another 90language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in 91the term "modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you". 92 93Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not 94covered by this License; they are outside its scope. The act of 95running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program 96is covered only if its contents constitute a work based on the 97Program (independent of having been made by running the Program). 98Whether that is true depends on what the Program does. 99 100 1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's 101source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you 102conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate 103copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the 104notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; 105and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License 106along with the Program. 107 108You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and 109you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee. 110 111 2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion 112of it, thus forming a work based on the Program, and copy and 113distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 114above, provided that you also meet all of these conditions: 115 116 a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices 117 stating that you changed the files and the date of any change. 118 119 b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in 120 whole or in part contains or is derived from the Program or any 121 part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third 122 parties under the terms of this License. 123 124 c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively 125 when run, you must cause it, when started running for such 126 interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an 127 announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a 128 notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide 129 a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under 130 these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this 131 License. (Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but 132 does not normally print such an announcement, your work based on 133 the Program is not required to print an announcement.) 134\f 135These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If 136identifiable sections of that work are not derived from the Program, 137and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in 138themselves, then this License, and its terms, do not apply to those 139sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you 140distribute the same sections as part of a whole which is a work based 141on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be on the terms of 142this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the 143entire whole, and thus to each and every part regardless of who wrote it. 144 145Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest 146your rights to work written entirely by you; rather, the intent is to 147exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or 148collective works based on the Program. 149 150In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program 151with the Program (or with a work based on the Program) on a volume of 152a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under 153the scope of this License. 154 155 3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, 156under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of 157Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following: 158 159 a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable 160 source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Sections 161 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or, 162 163 b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three 164 years, to give any third party, for a charge no more than your 165 cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete 166 machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be 167 distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium 168 customarily used for software interchange; or, 169 170 c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer 171 to distribute corresponding source code. (This alternative is 172 allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you 173 received the program in object code or executable form with such 174 an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.) 175 176The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for 177making modifications to it. For an executable work, complete source 178code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any 179associated interface definition files, plus the scripts used to 180control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a 181special exception, the source code distributed need not include 182anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary 183form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the 184operating system on which the executable runs, unless that component 185itself accompanies the executable. 186 187If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering 188access to copy from a designated place, then offering equivalent 189access to copy the source code from the same place counts as 190distribution of the source code, even though third parties are not 191compelled to copy the source along with the object code. 192\f 193 4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program 194except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt 195otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is 196void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License. 197However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under 198this License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such 199parties remain in full compliance. 200 201 5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not 202signed it. However, nothing else grants you permission to modify or 203distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are 204prohibited by law if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by 205modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the 206Program), you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and 207all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing or modifying 208the Program or works based on it. 209 210 6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the 211Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the 212original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to 213these terms and conditions. You may not impose any further 214restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. 215You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to 216this License. 217 218 7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent 219infringement or for any other reason (not limited to patent issues), 220conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or 221otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not 222excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot 223distribute so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this 224License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you 225may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent 226license would not permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by 227all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then 228the only way you could satisfy both it and this License would be to 229refrain entirely from distribution of the Program. 230 231If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under 232any particular circumstance, the balance of the section is intended to 233apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other 234circumstances. 235 236It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any 237patents or other property right claims or to contest validity of any 238such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the 239integrity of the free software distribution system, which is 240implemented by public license practices. Many people have made 241generous contributions to the wide range of software distributed 242through that system in reliance on consistent application of that 243system; it is up to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing 244to distribute software through any other system and a licensee cannot 245impose that choice. 246 247This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to 248be a consequence of the rest of this License. 249\f 250 8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in 251certain countries either by patents or by copyrighted interfaces, the 252original copyright holder who places the Program under this License 253may add an explicit geographical distribution limitation excluding 254those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among 255countries not thus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates 256the limitation as if written in the body of this License. 257 258 9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions 259of the General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will 260be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to 261address new problems or concerns. 262 263Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program 264specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any 265later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions 266either of that version or of any later version published by the Free 267Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of 268this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software 269Foundation. 270 271 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free 272programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author 273to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free 274Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes 275make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals 276of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and 277of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. 278 279 NO WARRANTY 280 281 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY 282FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN 283OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES 284PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED 285OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF 286MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS 287TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE 288PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, 289REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 290 291 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING 292WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR 293REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, 294INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING 295OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED 296TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY 297YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER 298PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE 299POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. 300 301 END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS 302\f 303 How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs 304 305 If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest 306possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it 307free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. 308 309 To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest 310to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively 311convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least 312the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. 313 314 <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.> 315 Copyright (C) <year> <name of author> 316 317 This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 318 it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 319 the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 320 (at your option) any later version. 321 322 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 323 but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 324 MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 325 GNU General Public License for more details. 326 327 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 328 along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software 329 Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA 330 331 332Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. 333 334If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this 335when it starts in an interactive mode: 336 337 Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author 338 Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. 339 This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it 340 under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. 341 342The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate 343parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may 344be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be 345mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. 346 347You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your 348school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if 349necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: 350 351 Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program 352 `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. 353 354 <signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989 355 Ty Coon, President of Vice 356 357This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into 358proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may 359consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the 360library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General 361Public License instead of this License.