1<repository>:: 2 The "remote" repository that is the source of a fetch 3 or pull operation, or the destination of a push operation. 4 One of the following notations can be used 5 to name the remote repository: 6+ 7=============================================================== 8- rsync://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/ 9- http://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/ 10- https://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/ 11- git://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/ 12- git://host.xz/~user/path/to/repo.git/ 13- ssh://host.xz/path/to/repo.git/ 14- ssh://host.xz/~user/path/to/repo.git/ 15- ssh://host.xz/~/path/to/repo.git 16=============================================================== 17+ 18SSH Is the default transport protocol and also supports an 19scp-like syntax. Both syntaxes support username expansion, 20as does the native git protocol. The following three are 21identical to the last three above, respectively: 22+ 23=============================================================== 24- host.xz:/path/to/repo.git/ 25- host.xz:~user/path/to/repo.git/ 26- host.xz:path/to/repo.git 27=============================================================== 28+ 29To sync with a local directory, use: 30+ 31=============================================================== 32- /path/to/repo.git/ 33=============================================================== 34+ 35In addition to the above, as a short-hand, the name of a 36file in `$GIT_DIR/remotes` directory can be given; the 37named file should be in the following format: 38+ 39 URL: one of the above URL format 40 Push: <refspec> 41 Pull: <refspec> 42+ 43When such a short-hand is specified in place of 44<repository> without <refspec> parameters on the command 45line, <refspec> specified on `Push:` lines or `Pull:` 46lines are used for `git-push` and `git-fetch`/`git-pull`, 47respectively. Multiple `Push:` and and `Pull:` lines may 48be specified for additional branch mappings. 49+ 50The name of a file in `$GIT_DIR/branches` directory can be 51specified as an older notation short-hand; the named 52file should contain a single line, a URL in one of the 53above formats, optionally followed by a hash `#` and the 54name of remote head (URL fragment notation). 55`$GIT_DIR/branches/<remote>` file that stores a <url> 56without the fragment is equivalent to have this in the 57corresponding file in the `$GIT_DIR/remotes/` directory. 58+ 59 URL: <url> 60 Pull: refs/heads/master:<remote> 61+ 62while having `<url>#<head>` is equivalent to 63+ 64 URL: <url> 65 Pull: refs/heads/<head>:<remote> 66 67<refspec>:: 68 The canonical format of a <refspec> parameter is 69 `+?<src>:<dst>`; that is, an optional plus `+`, followed 70 by the source ref, followed by a colon `:`, followed by 71 the destination ref. 72+ 73When used in `git-push`, the <src> side can be an 74arbitrary "SHA1 expression" that can be used as an 75argument to `git-cat-file -t`. E.g. `master~4` (push 76four parents before the current master head). 77+ 78For `git-push`, the local ref that matches <src> is used 79to fast forward the remote ref that matches <dst>. If 80the optional plus `+` is used, the remote ref is updated 81even if it does not result in a fast forward update. 82+ 83For `git-fetch` and `git-pull`, the remote ref that matches <src> 84is fetched, and if <dst> is not empty string, the local 85ref that matches it is fast forwarded using <src>. 86Again, if the optional plus `+` is used, the local ref 87is updated even if it does not result in a fast forward 88update. 89+ 90[NOTE] 91If the remote branch from which you want to pull is 92modified in non-linear ways such as being rewound and 93rebased frequently, then a pull will attempt a merge with 94an older version of itself, likely conflict, and fail. 95It is under these conditions that you would want to use 96the `+` sign to indicate non-fast-forward updates will 97be needed. There is currently no easy way to determine 98or declare that a branch will be made available in a 99repository with this behavior; the pulling user simply 100must know this is the expected usage pattern for a branch. 101+ 102[NOTE] 103You never do your own development on branches that appear 104on the right hand side of a <refspec> colon on `Pull:` lines; 105they are to be updated by `git-fetch`. If you intend to do 106development derived from a remote branch `B`, have a `Pull:` 107line to track it (i.e. `Pull: B:remote-B`), and have a separate 108branch `my-B` to do your development on top of it. The latter 109is created by `git branch my-B remote-B` (or its equivalent `git 110checkout -b my-B remote-B`). Run `git fetch` to keep track of 111the progress of the remote side, and when you see something new 112on the remote branch, merge it into your development branch with 113`git pull . remote-B`, while you are on `my-B` branch. 114The common `Pull: master:origin` mapping of a remote `master` 115branch to a local `origin` branch, which is then merged to a 116local development branch, again typically named `master`, is made 117when you run `git clone` for you to follow this pattern. 118+ 119[NOTE] 120There is a difference between listing multiple <refspec> 121directly on `git-pull` command line and having multiple 122`Pull:` <refspec> lines for a <repository> and running 123`git-pull` command without any explicit <refspec> parameters. 124<refspec> listed explicitly on the command line are always 125merged into the current branch after fetching. In other words, 126if you list more than one remote refs, you would be making 127an Octopus. While `git-pull` run without any explicit <refspec> 128parameter takes default <refspec>s from `Pull:` lines, it 129merges only the first <refspec> found into the current branch, 130after fetching all the remote refs. This is because making an 131Octopus from remote refs is rarely done, while keeping track 132of multiple remote heads in one-go by fetching more than one 133is often useful. 134+ 135Some short-cut notations are also supported. 136+ 137* `tag <tag>` means the same as `refs/tags/<tag>:refs/tags/<tag>`; 138 used with pull or fetch, it requests fetching everything up to 139 the given tag. 140* A parameter <ref> without a colon is equivalent to 141 <ref>: when pulling/fetching, and <ref>`:`<ref> when 142 pushing. That is, do not store it locally if 143 fetching, and update the same name if pushing. 144