Andrew's git - gitweb.git/blob

   1#include "../git-compat-util.h"
   2#include "win32.h"
   3#include <conio.h>
   4#include <wchar.h>
   5#include "../strbuf.h"
   6#include "../run-command.h"
   7#include "../cache.h"
   8#include "win32/lazyload.h"
   9#include "../config.h"
  10#include "dir.h"
  11
  12#define HCAST(type, handle) ((type)(intptr_t)handle)
  13
  14static const int delay[] = { 0, 1, 10, 20, 40 };
  15
  16int err_win_to_posix(DWORD winerr)
  17{
  18        int error = ENOSYS;
  19        switch(winerr) {
  20        case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED: error = EACCES; break;
  21        case ERROR_ACCOUNT_DISABLED: error = EACCES; break;
  22        case ERROR_ACCOUNT_RESTRICTION: error = EACCES; break;
  23        case ERROR_ALREADY_ASSIGNED: error = EBUSY; break;
  24        case ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
  25        case ERROR_ARITHMETIC_OVERFLOW: error = ERANGE; break;
  26        case ERROR_BAD_COMMAND: error = EIO; break;
  27        case ERROR_BAD_DEVICE: error = ENODEV; break;
  28        case ERROR_BAD_DRIVER_LEVEL: error = ENXIO; break;
  29        case ERROR_BAD_EXE_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  30        case ERROR_BAD_FORMAT: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  31        case ERROR_BAD_LENGTH: error = EINVAL; break;
  32        case ERROR_BAD_PATHNAME: error = ENOENT; break;
  33        case ERROR_BAD_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
  34        case ERROR_BAD_UNIT: error = ENODEV; break;
  35        case ERROR_BAD_USERNAME: error = EINVAL; break;
  36        case ERROR_BROKEN_PIPE: error = EPIPE; break;
  37        case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
  38        case ERROR_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
  39        case ERROR_BUSY_DRIVE: error = EBUSY; break;
  40        case ERROR_CALL_NOT_IMPLEMENTED: error = ENOSYS; break;
  41        case ERROR_CANNOT_MAKE: error = EACCES; break;
  42        case ERROR_CANTOPEN: error = EIO; break;
  43        case ERROR_CANTREAD: error = EIO; break;
  44        case ERROR_CANTWRITE: error = EIO; break;
  45        case ERROR_CRC: error = EIO; break;
  46        case ERROR_CURRENT_DIRECTORY: error = EACCES; break;
  47        case ERROR_DEVICE_IN_USE: error = EBUSY; break;
  48        case ERROR_DEV_NOT_EXIST: error = ENODEV; break;
  49        case ERROR_DIRECTORY: error = EINVAL; break;
  50        case ERROR_DIR_NOT_EMPTY: error = ENOTEMPTY; break;
  51        case ERROR_DISK_CHANGE: error = EIO; break;
  52        case ERROR_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
  53        case ERROR_DRIVE_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
  54        case ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND: error = EINVAL; break;
  55        case ERROR_EXE_MARKED_INVALID: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  56        case ERROR_FILENAME_EXCED_RANGE: error = ENAMETOOLONG; break;
  57        case ERROR_FILE_EXISTS: error = EEXIST; break;
  58        case ERROR_FILE_INVALID: error = ENODEV; break;
  59        case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
  60        case ERROR_GEN_FAILURE: error = EIO; break;
  61        case ERROR_HANDLE_DISK_FULL: error = ENOSPC; break;
  62        case ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER: error = ENOMEM; break;
  63        case ERROR_INVALID_ACCESS: error = EACCES; break;
  64        case ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS: error = EFAULT; break;
  65        case ERROR_INVALID_BLOCK: error = EFAULT; break;
  66        case ERROR_INVALID_DATA: error = EINVAL; break;
  67        case ERROR_INVALID_DRIVE: error = ENODEV; break;
  68        case ERROR_INVALID_EXE_SIGNATURE: error = ENOEXEC; break;
  69        case ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS: error = EINVAL; break;
  70        case ERROR_INVALID_FUNCTION: error = ENOSYS; break;
  71        case ERROR_INVALID_HANDLE: error = EBADF; break;
  72        case ERROR_INVALID_LOGON_HOURS: error = EACCES; break;
  73        case ERROR_INVALID_NAME: error = EINVAL; break;
  74        case ERROR_INVALID_OWNER: error = EINVAL; break;
  75        case ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER: error = EINVAL; break;
  76        case ERROR_INVALID_PASSWORD: error = EPERM; break;
  77        case ERROR_INVALID_PRIMARY_GROUP: error = EINVAL; break;
  78        case ERROR_INVALID_SIGNAL_NUMBER: error = EINVAL; break;
  79        case ERROR_INVALID_TARGET_HANDLE: error = EIO; break;
  80        case ERROR_INVALID_WORKSTATION: error = EACCES; break;
  81        case ERROR_IO_DEVICE: error = EIO; break;
  82        case ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE: error = EINTR; break;
  83        case ERROR_LOCKED: error = EBUSY; break;
  84        case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
  85        case ERROR_LOGON_FAILURE: error = EACCES; break;
  86        case ERROR_MAPPED_ALIGNMENT: error = EINVAL; break;
  87        case ERROR_META_EXPANSION_TOO_LONG: error = E2BIG; break;
  88        case ERROR_MORE_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
  89        case ERROR_NEGATIVE_SEEK: error = ESPIPE; break;
  90        case ERROR_NOACCESS: error = EFAULT; break;
  91        case ERROR_NONE_MAPPED: error = EINVAL; break;
  92        case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
  93        case ERROR_NOT_READY: error = EAGAIN; break;
  94        case ERROR_NOT_SAME_DEVICE: error = EXDEV; break;
  95        case ERROR_NO_DATA: error = EPIPE; break;
  96        case ERROR_NO_MORE_SEARCH_HANDLES: error = EIO; break;
  97        case ERROR_NO_PROC_SLOTS: error = EAGAIN; break;
  98        case ERROR_NO_SUCH_PRIVILEGE: error = EACCES; break;
  99        case ERROR_OPEN_FAILED: error = EIO; break;
 100        case ERROR_OPEN_FILES: error = EBUSY; break;
 101        case ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED: error = EINTR; break;
 102        case ERROR_OUTOFMEMORY: error = ENOMEM; break;
 103        case ERROR_PASSWORD_EXPIRED: error = EACCES; break;
 104        case ERROR_PATH_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
 105        case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND: error = ENOENT; break;
 106        case ERROR_PIPE_BUSY: error = EBUSY; break;
 107        case ERROR_PIPE_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
 108        case ERROR_PIPE_LISTENING: error = EPIPE; break;
 109        case ERROR_PIPE_NOT_CONNECTED: error = EPIPE; break;
 110        case ERROR_PRIVILEGE_NOT_HELD: error = EACCES; break;
 111        case ERROR_READ_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
 112        case ERROR_SEEK: error = EIO; break;
 113        case ERROR_SEEK_ON_DEVICE: error = ESPIPE; break;
 114        case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED: error = ENFILE; break;
 115        case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION: error = EACCES; break;
 116        case ERROR_STACK_OVERFLOW: error = ENOMEM; break;
 117        case ERROR_SWAPERROR: error = ENOENT; break;
 118        case ERROR_TOO_MANY_MODULES: error = EMFILE; break;
 119        case ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES: error = EMFILE; break;
 120        case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_MEDIA: error = ENXIO; break;
 121        case ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_VOLUME: error = ENODEV; break;
 122        case ERROR_WAIT_NO_CHILDREN: error = ECHILD; break;
 123        case ERROR_WRITE_FAULT: error = EIO; break;
 124        case ERROR_WRITE_PROTECT: error = EROFS; break;
 125        }
 126        return error;
 127}
 128
 129static inline int is_file_in_use_error(DWORD errcode)
 130{
 131        switch (errcode) {
 132        case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
 133        case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
 134                return 1;
 135        }
 136
 137        return 0;
 138}
 139
 140static int read_yes_no_answer(void)
 141{
 142        char answer[1024];
 143
 144        if (fgets(answer, sizeof(answer), stdin)) {
 145                size_t answer_len = strlen(answer);
 146                int got_full_line = 0, c;
 147
 148                /* remove the newline */
 149                if (answer_len >= 2 && answer[answer_len-2] == '\r') {
 150                        answer[answer_len-2] = '\0';
 151                        got_full_line = 1;
 152                } else if (answer_len >= 1 && answer[answer_len-1] == '\n') {
 153                        answer[answer_len-1] = '\0';
 154                        got_full_line = 1;
 155                }
 156                /* flush the buffer in case we did not get the full line */
 157                if (!got_full_line)
 158                        while ((c = getchar()) != EOF && c != '\n')
 159                                ;
 160        } else
 161                /* we could not read, return the
 162                 * default answer which is no */
 163                return 0;
 164
 165        if (tolower(answer[0]) == 'y' && !answer[1])
 166                return 1;
 167        if (!strncasecmp(answer, "yes", sizeof(answer)))
 168                return 1;
 169        if (tolower(answer[0]) == 'n' && !answer[1])
 170                return 0;
 171        if (!strncasecmp(answer, "no", sizeof(answer)))
 172                return 0;
 173
 174        /* did not find an answer we understand */
 175        return -1;
 176}
 177
 178static int ask_yes_no_if_possible(const char *format, ...)
 179{
 180        char question[4096];
 181        const char *retry_hook[] = { NULL, NULL, NULL };
 182        va_list args;
 183
 184        va_start(args, format);
 185        vsnprintf(question, sizeof(question), format, args);
 186        va_end(args);
 187
 188        if ((retry_hook[0] = mingw_getenv("GIT_ASK_YESNO"))) {
 189                retry_hook[1] = question;
 190                return !run_command_v_opt(retry_hook, 0);
 191        }
 192
 193        if (!isatty(_fileno(stdin)) || !isatty(_fileno(stderr)))
 194                return 0;
 195
 196        while (1) {
 197                int answer;
 198                fprintf(stderr, "%s (y/n) ", question);
 199
 200                if ((answer = read_yes_no_answer()) >= 0)
 201                        return answer;
 202
 203                fprintf(stderr, "Sorry, I did not understand your answer. "
 204                                "Please type 'y' or 'n'\n");
 205        }
 206}
 207
 208/* Windows only */
 209enum hide_dotfiles_type {
 210        HIDE_DOTFILES_FALSE = 0,
 211        HIDE_DOTFILES_TRUE,
 212        HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY
 213};
 214
 215static enum hide_dotfiles_type hide_dotfiles = HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY;
 216static char *unset_environment_variables;
 217
 218int mingw_core_config(const char *var, const char *value, void *cb)
 219{
 220        if (!strcmp(var, "core.hidedotfiles")) {
 221                if (value && !strcasecmp(value, "dotgitonly"))
 222                        hide_dotfiles = HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY;
 223                else
 224                        hide_dotfiles = git_config_bool(var, value);
 225                return 0;
 226        }
 227
 228        if (!strcmp(var, "core.unsetenvvars")) {
 229                free(unset_environment_variables);
 230                unset_environment_variables = xstrdup(value);
 231                return 0;
 232        }
 233
 234        return 0;
 235}
 236
 237/* Normalizes NT paths as returned by some low-level APIs. */
 238static wchar_t *normalize_ntpath(wchar_t *wbuf)
 239{
 240        int i;
 241        /* fix absolute path prefixes */
 242        if (wbuf[0] == '\\') {
 243                /* strip NT namespace prefixes */
 244                if (!wcsncmp(wbuf, L"\\??\\", 4) ||
 245                    !wcsncmp(wbuf, L"\\\\?\\", 4))
 246                        wbuf += 4;
 247                else if (!wcsnicmp(wbuf, L"\\DosDevices\\", 12))
 248                        wbuf += 12;
 249                /* replace remaining '...UNC\' with '\\' */
 250                if (!wcsnicmp(wbuf, L"UNC\\", 4)) {
 251                        wbuf += 2;
 252                        *wbuf = '\\';
 253                }
 254        }
 255        /* convert backslashes to slashes */
 256        for (i = 0; wbuf[i]; i++)
 257                if (wbuf[i] == '\\')
 258                        wbuf[i] = '/';
 259        return wbuf;
 260}
 261
 262int mingw_unlink(const char *pathname)
 263{
 264        int ret, tries = 0;
 265        wchar_t wpathname[MAX_PATH];
 266        if (xutftowcs_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
 267                return -1;
 268
 269        /* read-only files cannot be removed */
 270        _wchmod(wpathname, 0666);
 271        while ((ret = _wunlink(wpathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 272                if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
 273                        break;
 274                /*
 275                 * We assume that some other process had the source or
 276                 * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
 277                 * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
 278                 * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
 279                 * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
 280                 */
 281                Sleep(delay[tries]);
 282                tries++;
 283        }
 284        while (ret == -1 && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 285               ask_yes_no_if_possible("Unlink of file '%s' failed. "
 286                        "Should I try again?", pathname))
 287               ret = _wunlink(wpathname);
 288        return ret;
 289}
 290
 291static int is_dir_empty(const wchar_t *wpath)
 292{
 293        WIN32_FIND_DATAW findbuf;
 294        HANDLE handle;
 295        wchar_t wbuf[MAX_PATH + 2];
 296        wcscpy(wbuf, wpath);
 297        wcscat(wbuf, L"\\*");
 298        handle = FindFirstFileW(wbuf, &findbuf);
 299        if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 300                return GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
 301
 302        while (!wcscmp(findbuf.cFileName, L".") ||
 303                        !wcscmp(findbuf.cFileName, L".."))
 304                if (!FindNextFileW(handle, &findbuf)) {
 305                        DWORD err = GetLastError();
 306                        FindClose(handle);
 307                        return err == ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES;
 308                }
 309        FindClose(handle);
 310        return 0;
 311}
 312
 313int mingw_rmdir(const char *pathname)
 314{
 315        int ret, tries = 0;
 316        wchar_t wpathname[MAX_PATH];
 317        if (xutftowcs_path(wpathname, pathname) < 0)
 318                return -1;
 319
 320        while ((ret = _wrmdir(wpathname)) == -1 && tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay)) {
 321                if (!is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()))
 322                        errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 323                if (errno != EACCES)
 324                        break;
 325                if (!is_dir_empty(wpathname)) {
 326                        errno = ENOTEMPTY;
 327                        break;
 328                }
 329                /*
 330                 * We assume that some other process had the source or
 331                 * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
 332                 * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
 333                 * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
 334                 * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
 335                 */
 336                Sleep(delay[tries]);
 337                tries++;
 338        }
 339        while (ret == -1 && errno == EACCES && is_file_in_use_error(GetLastError()) &&
 340               ask_yes_no_if_possible("Deletion of directory '%s' failed. "
 341                        "Should I try again?", pathname))
 342               ret = _wrmdir(wpathname);
 343        return ret;
 344}
 345
 346static inline int needs_hiding(const char *path)
 347{
 348        const char *basename;
 349
 350        if (hide_dotfiles == HIDE_DOTFILES_FALSE)
 351                return 0;
 352
 353        /* We cannot use basename(), as it would remove trailing slashes */
 354        win32_skip_dos_drive_prefix((char **)&path);
 355        if (!*path)
 356                return 0;
 357
 358        for (basename = path; *path; path++)
 359                if (is_dir_sep(*path)) {
 360                        do {
 361                                path++;
 362                        } while (is_dir_sep(*path));
 363                        /* ignore trailing slashes */
 364                        if (*path)
 365                                basename = path;
 366                }
 367
 368        if (hide_dotfiles == HIDE_DOTFILES_TRUE)
 369                return *basename == '.';
 370
 371        assert(hide_dotfiles == HIDE_DOTFILES_DOTGITONLY);
 372        return !strncasecmp(".git", basename, 4) &&
 373                (!basename[4] || is_dir_sep(basename[4]));
 374}
 375
 376static int set_hidden_flag(const wchar_t *path, int set)
 377{
 378        DWORD original = GetFileAttributesW(path), modified;
 379        if (set)
 380                modified = original | FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
 381        else
 382                modified = original & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN;
 383        if (original == modified || SetFileAttributesW(path, modified))
 384                return 0;
 385        errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 386        return -1;
 387}
 388
 389int mingw_mkdir(const char *path, int mode)
 390{
 391        int ret;
 392        wchar_t wpath[MAX_PATH];
 393        if (xutftowcs_path(wpath, path) < 0)
 394                return -1;
 395        ret = _wmkdir(wpath);
 396        if (!ret && needs_hiding(path))
 397                return set_hidden_flag(wpath, 1);
 398        return ret;
 399}
 400
 401/*
 402 * Calling CreateFile() using FILE_APPEND_DATA and without FILE_WRITE_DATA
 403 * is documented in [1] as opening a writable file handle in append mode.
 404 * (It is believed that) this is atomic since it is maintained by the
 405 * kernel unlike the O_APPEND flag which is racily maintained by the CRT.
 406 *
 407 * [1] https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/fileio/file-access-rights-constants
 408 *
 409 * This trick does not appear to work for named pipes.  Instead it creates
 410 * a named pipe client handle that cannot be written to.  Callers should
 411 * just use the regular _wopen() for them.  (And since client handle gets
 412 * bound to a unique server handle, it isn't really an issue.)
 413 */
 414static int mingw_open_append(wchar_t const *wfilename, int oflags, ...)
 415{
 416        HANDLE handle;
 417        int fd;
 418        DWORD create = (oflags & O_CREAT) ? OPEN_ALWAYS : OPEN_EXISTING;
 419
 420        /* only these flags are supported */
 421        if ((oflags & ~O_CREAT) != (O_WRONLY | O_APPEND))
 422                return errno = ENOSYS, -1;
 423
 424        /*
 425         * FILE_SHARE_WRITE is required to permit child processes
 426         * to append to the file.
 427         */
 428        handle = CreateFileW(wfilename, FILE_APPEND_DATA,
 429                        FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_READ,
 430                        NULL, create, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
 431        if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
 432                return errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError()), -1;
 433
 434        /*
 435         * No O_APPEND here, because the CRT uses it only to reset the
 436         * file pointer to EOF before each write(); but that is not
 437         * necessary (and may lead to races) for a file created with
 438         * FILE_APPEND_DATA.
 439         */
 440        fd = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)handle, O_BINARY);
 441        if (fd < 0)
 442                CloseHandle(handle);
 443        return fd;
 444}
 445
 446/*
 447 * Does the pathname map to the local named pipe filesystem?
 448 * That is, does it have a "//./pipe/" prefix?
 449 */
 450static int is_local_named_pipe_path(const char *filename)
 451{
 452        return (is_dir_sep(filename[0]) &&
 453                is_dir_sep(filename[1]) &&
 454                filename[2] == '.'  &&
 455                is_dir_sep(filename[3]) &&
 456                !strncasecmp(filename+4, "pipe", 4) &&
 457                is_dir_sep(filename[8]) &&
 458                filename[9]);
 459}
 460
 461int mingw_open (const char *filename, int oflags, ...)
 462{
 463        typedef int (*open_fn_t)(wchar_t const *wfilename, int oflags, ...);
 464        va_list args;
 465        unsigned mode;
 466        int fd;
 467        wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 468        open_fn_t open_fn;
 469
 470        va_start(args, oflags);
 471        mode = va_arg(args, int);
 472        va_end(args);
 473
 474        if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 475                filename = "nul";
 476
 477        if ((oflags & O_APPEND) && !is_local_named_pipe_path(filename))
 478                open_fn = mingw_open_append;
 479        else
 480                open_fn = _wopen;
 481
 482        if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
 483                return -1;
 484        fd = open_fn(wfilename, oflags, mode);
 485
 486        if (fd < 0 && (oflags & O_ACCMODE) != O_RDONLY && errno == EACCES) {
 487                DWORD attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
 488                if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
 489                        errno = EISDIR;
 490        }
 491        if ((oflags & O_CREAT) && needs_hiding(filename)) {
 492                /*
 493                 * Internally, _wopen() uses the CreateFile() API which errors
 494                 * out with an ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED if CREATE_ALWAYS was
 495                 * specified and an already existing file's attributes do not
 496                 * match *exactly*. As there is no mode or flag we can set that
 497                 * would correspond to FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN, let's just try
 498                 * again *without* the O_CREAT flag (that corresponds to the
 499                 * CREATE_ALWAYS flag of CreateFile()).
 500                 */
 501                if (fd < 0 && errno == EACCES)
 502                        fd = open_fn(wfilename, oflags & ~O_CREAT, mode);
 503                if (fd >= 0 && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 1))
 504                        warning("could not mark '%s' as hidden.", filename);
 505        }
 506        return fd;
 507}
 508
 509static BOOL WINAPI ctrl_ignore(DWORD type)
 510{
 511        return TRUE;
 512}
 513
 514#undef fgetc
 515int mingw_fgetc(FILE *stream)
 516{
 517        int ch;
 518        if (!isatty(_fileno(stream)))
 519                return fgetc(stream);
 520
 521        SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, TRUE);
 522        while (1) {
 523                ch = fgetc(stream);
 524                if (ch != EOF || GetLastError() != ERROR_OPERATION_ABORTED)
 525                        break;
 526
 527                /* Ctrl+C was pressed, simulate SIGINT and retry */
 528                mingw_raise(SIGINT);
 529        }
 530        SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrl_ignore, FALSE);
 531        return ch;
 532}
 533
 534#undef fopen
 535FILE *mingw_fopen (const char *filename, const char *otype)
 536{
 537        int hide = needs_hiding(filename);
 538        FILE *file;
 539        wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH], wotype[4];
 540        if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 541                filename = "nul";
 542        if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
 543                xutftowcs(wotype, otype, ARRAY_SIZE(wotype)) < 0)
 544                return NULL;
 545        if (hide && !access(filename, F_OK) && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 0)) {
 546                error("could not unhide %s", filename);
 547                return NULL;
 548        }
 549        file = _wfopen(wfilename, wotype);
 550        if (!file && GetLastError() == ERROR_INVALID_NAME)
 551                errno = ENOENT;
 552        if (file && hide && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 1))
 553                warning("could not mark '%s' as hidden.", filename);
 554        return file;
 555}
 556
 557FILE *mingw_freopen (const char *filename, const char *otype, FILE *stream)
 558{
 559        int hide = needs_hiding(filename);
 560        FILE *file;
 561        wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH], wotype[4];
 562        if (filename && !strcmp(filename, "/dev/null"))
 563                filename = "nul";
 564        if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0 ||
 565                xutftowcs(wotype, otype, ARRAY_SIZE(wotype)) < 0)
 566                return NULL;
 567        if (hide && !access(filename, F_OK) && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 0)) {
 568                error("could not unhide %s", filename);
 569                return NULL;
 570        }
 571        file = _wfreopen(wfilename, wotype, stream);
 572        if (file && hide && set_hidden_flag(wfilename, 1))
 573                warning("could not mark '%s' as hidden.", filename);
 574        return file;
 575}
 576
 577#undef fflush
 578int mingw_fflush(FILE *stream)
 579{
 580        int ret = fflush(stream);
 581
 582        /*
 583         * write() is used behind the scenes of stdio output functions.
 584         * Since git code does not check for errors after each stdio write
 585         * operation, it can happen that write() is called by a later
 586         * stdio function even if an earlier write() call failed. In the
 587         * case of a pipe whose readable end was closed, only the first
 588         * call to write() reports EPIPE on Windows. Subsequent write()
 589         * calls report EINVAL. It is impossible to notice whether this
 590         * fflush invocation triggered such a case, therefore, we have to
 591         * catch all EINVAL errors whole-sale.
 592         */
 593        if (ret && errno == EINVAL)
 594                errno = EPIPE;
 595
 596        return ret;
 597}
 598
 599#undef write
 600ssize_t mingw_write(int fd, const void *buf, size_t len)
 601{
 602        ssize_t result = write(fd, buf, len);
 603
 604        if (result < 0 && errno == EINVAL && buf) {
 605                /* check if fd is a pipe */
 606                HANDLE h = (HANDLE) _get_osfhandle(fd);
 607                if (GetFileType(h) == FILE_TYPE_PIPE)
 608                        errno = EPIPE;
 609                else
 610                        errno = EINVAL;
 611        }
 612
 613        return result;
 614}
 615
 616int mingw_access(const char *filename, int mode)
 617{
 618        wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 619        if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
 620                return -1;
 621        /* X_OK is not supported by the MSVCRT version */
 622        return _waccess(wfilename, mode & ~X_OK);
 623}
 624
 625int mingw_chdir(const char *dirname)
 626{
 627        wchar_t wdirname[MAX_PATH];
 628        if (xutftowcs_path(wdirname, dirname) < 0)
 629                return -1;
 630        return _wchdir(wdirname);
 631}
 632
 633int mingw_chmod(const char *filename, int mode)
 634{
 635        wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 636        if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, filename) < 0)
 637                return -1;
 638        return _wchmod(wfilename, mode);
 639}
 640
 641/*
 642 * The unit of FILETIME is 100-nanoseconds since January 1, 1601, UTC.
 643 * Returns the 100-nanoseconds ("hekto nanoseconds") since the epoch.
 644 */
 645static inline long long filetime_to_hnsec(const FILETIME *ft)
 646{
 647        long long winTime = ((long long)ft->dwHighDateTime << 32) + ft->dwLowDateTime;
 648        /* Windows to Unix Epoch conversion */
 649        return winTime - 116444736000000000LL;
 650}
 651
 652static inline void filetime_to_timespec(const FILETIME *ft, struct timespec *ts)
 653{
 654        long long hnsec = filetime_to_hnsec(ft);
 655        ts->tv_sec = (time_t)(hnsec / 10000000);
 656        ts->tv_nsec = (hnsec % 10000000) * 100;
 657}
 658
 659/**
 660 * Verifies that safe_create_leading_directories() would succeed.
 661 */
 662static int has_valid_directory_prefix(wchar_t *wfilename)
 663{
 664        int n = wcslen(wfilename);
 665
 666        while (n > 0) {
 667                wchar_t c = wfilename[--n];
 668                DWORD attributes;
 669
 670                if (!is_dir_sep(c))
 671                        continue;
 672
 673                wfilename[n] = L'\0';
 674                attributes = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
 675                wfilename[n] = c;
 676                if (attributes == FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY ||
 677                                attributes == FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE)
 678                        return 1;
 679                if (attributes == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
 680                        switch (GetLastError()) {
 681                        case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:
 682                                continue;
 683                        case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:
 684                                /* This implies parent directory exists. */
 685                                return 1;
 686                        }
 687                return 0;
 688        }
 689        return 1;
 690}
 691
 692/* We keep the do_lstat code in a separate function to avoid recursion.
 693 * When a path ends with a slash, the stat will fail with ENOENT. In
 694 * this case, we strip the trailing slashes and stat again.
 695 *
 696 * If follow is true then act like stat() and report on the link
 697 * target. Otherwise report on the link itself.
 698 */
 699static int do_lstat(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 700{
 701        WIN32_FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DATA fdata;
 702        wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 703        if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
 704                return -1;
 705
 706        if (GetFileAttributesExW(wfilename, GetFileExInfoStandard, &fdata)) {
 707                buf->st_ino = 0;
 708                buf->st_gid = 0;
 709                buf->st_uid = 0;
 710                buf->st_nlink = 1;
 711                buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
 712                buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
 713                        (((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
 714                buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
 715                filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime), &(buf->st_atim));
 716                filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime), &(buf->st_mtim));
 717                filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftCreationTime), &(buf->st_ctim));
 718                if (fdata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) {
 719                        WIN32_FIND_DATAW findbuf;
 720                        HANDLE handle = FindFirstFileW(wfilename, &findbuf);
 721                        if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
 722                                if ((findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT) &&
 723                                                (findbuf.dwReserved0 == IO_REPARSE_TAG_SYMLINK)) {
 724                                        if (follow) {
 725                                                char buffer[MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE];
 726                                                buf->st_size = readlink(file_name, buffer, MAXIMUM_REPARSE_DATA_BUFFER_SIZE);
 727                                        } else {
 728                                                buf->st_mode = S_IFLNK;
 729                                        }
 730                                        buf->st_mode |= S_IREAD;
 731                                        if (!(findbuf.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY))
 732                                                buf->st_mode |= S_IWRITE;
 733                                }
 734                                FindClose(handle);
 735                        }
 736                }
 737                return 0;
 738        }
 739        switch (GetLastError()) {
 740        case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:
 741        case ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION:
 742        case ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION:
 743        case ERROR_SHARING_BUFFER_EXCEEDED:
 744                errno = EACCES;
 745                break;
 746        case ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW:
 747                errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
 748                break;
 749        case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:
 750                errno = ENOMEM;
 751                break;
 752        case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:
 753                if (!has_valid_directory_prefix(wfilename)) {
 754                        errno = ENOTDIR;
 755                        break;
 756                }
 757                /* fallthru */
 758        default:
 759                errno = ENOENT;
 760                break;
 761        }
 762        return -1;
 763}
 764
 765/* We provide our own lstat/fstat functions, since the provided
 766 * lstat/fstat functions are so slow. These stat functions are
 767 * tailored for Git's usage (read: fast), and are not meant to be
 768 * complete. Note that Git stat()s are redirected to mingw_lstat()
 769 * too, since Windows doesn't really handle symlinks that well.
 770 */
 771static int do_stat_internal(int follow, const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 772{
 773        int namelen;
 774        char alt_name[PATH_MAX];
 775
 776        if (!do_lstat(follow, file_name, buf))
 777                return 0;
 778
 779        /* if file_name ended in a '/', Windows returned ENOENT;
 780         * try again without trailing slashes
 781         */
 782        if (errno != ENOENT)
 783                return -1;
 784
 785        namelen = strlen(file_name);
 786        if (namelen && file_name[namelen-1] != '/')
 787                return -1;
 788        while (namelen && file_name[namelen-1] == '/')
 789                --namelen;
 790        if (!namelen || namelen >= PATH_MAX)
 791                return -1;
 792
 793        memcpy(alt_name, file_name, namelen);
 794        alt_name[namelen] = 0;
 795        return do_lstat(follow, alt_name, buf);
 796}
 797
 798static int get_file_info_by_handle(HANDLE hnd, struct stat *buf)
 799{
 800        BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fdata;
 801
 802        if (!GetFileInformationByHandle(hnd, &fdata)) {
 803                errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 804                return -1;
 805        }
 806
 807        buf->st_ino = 0;
 808        buf->st_gid = 0;
 809        buf->st_uid = 0;
 810        buf->st_nlink = 1;
 811        buf->st_mode = file_attr_to_st_mode(fdata.dwFileAttributes);
 812        buf->st_size = fdata.nFileSizeLow |
 813                (((off_t)fdata.nFileSizeHigh)<<32);
 814        buf->st_dev = buf->st_rdev = 0; /* not used by Git */
 815        filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftLastAccessTime), &(buf->st_atim));
 816        filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftLastWriteTime), &(buf->st_mtim));
 817        filetime_to_timespec(&(fdata.ftCreationTime), &(buf->st_ctim));
 818        return 0;
 819}
 820
 821int mingw_lstat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 822{
 823        return do_stat_internal(0, file_name, buf);
 824}
 825int mingw_stat(const char *file_name, struct stat *buf)
 826{
 827        return do_stat_internal(1, file_name, buf);
 828}
 829
 830int mingw_fstat(int fd, struct stat *buf)
 831{
 832        HANDLE fh = (HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fd);
 833        DWORD avail, type = GetFileType(fh) & ~FILE_TYPE_REMOTE;
 834
 835        switch (type) {
 836        case FILE_TYPE_DISK:
 837                return get_file_info_by_handle(fh, buf);
 838
 839        case FILE_TYPE_CHAR:
 840        case FILE_TYPE_PIPE:
 841                /* initialize stat fields */
 842                memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
 843                buf->st_nlink = 1;
 844
 845                if (type == FILE_TYPE_CHAR) {
 846                        buf->st_mode = _S_IFCHR;
 847                } else {
 848                        buf->st_mode = _S_IFIFO;
 849                        if (PeekNamedPipe(fh, NULL, 0, NULL, &avail, NULL))
 850                                buf->st_size = avail;
 851                }
 852                return 0;
 853
 854        default:
 855                errno = EBADF;
 856                return -1;
 857        }
 858}
 859
 860static inline void time_t_to_filetime(time_t t, FILETIME *ft)
 861{
 862        long long winTime = t * 10000000LL + 116444736000000000LL;
 863        ft->dwLowDateTime = winTime;
 864        ft->dwHighDateTime = winTime >> 32;
 865}
 866
 867int mingw_utime (const char *file_name, const struct utimbuf *times)
 868{
 869        FILETIME mft, aft;
 870        int fh, rc;
 871        DWORD attrs;
 872        wchar_t wfilename[MAX_PATH];
 873        if (xutftowcs_path(wfilename, file_name) < 0)
 874                return -1;
 875
 876        /* must have write permission */
 877        attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wfilename);
 878        if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
 879            (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
 880                /* ignore errors here; open() will report them */
 881                SetFileAttributesW(wfilename, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY);
 882        }
 883
 884        if ((fh = _wopen(wfilename, O_RDWR | O_BINARY)) < 0) {
 885                rc = -1;
 886                goto revert_attrs;
 887        }
 888
 889        if (times) {
 890                time_t_to_filetime(times->modtime, &mft);
 891                time_t_to_filetime(times->actime, &aft);
 892        } else {
 893                GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&mft);
 894                aft = mft;
 895        }
 896        if (!SetFileTime((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(fh), NULL, &aft, &mft)) {
 897                errno = EINVAL;
 898                rc = -1;
 899        } else
 900                rc = 0;
 901        close(fh);
 902
 903revert_attrs:
 904        if (attrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
 905            (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
 906                /* ignore errors again */
 907                SetFileAttributesW(wfilename, attrs);
 908        }
 909        return rc;
 910}
 911
 912#undef strftime
 913size_t mingw_strftime(char *s, size_t max,
 914                      const char *format, const struct tm *tm)
 915{
 916        size_t ret = strftime(s, max, format, tm);
 917
 918        if (!ret && errno == EINVAL)
 919                die("invalid strftime format: '%s'", format);
 920        return ret;
 921}
 922
 923unsigned int sleep (unsigned int seconds)
 924{
 925        Sleep(seconds*1000);
 926        return 0;
 927}
 928
 929char *mingw_mktemp(char *template)
 930{
 931        wchar_t wtemplate[MAX_PATH];
 932        if (xutftowcs_path(wtemplate, template) < 0)
 933                return NULL;
 934        if (!_wmktemp(wtemplate))
 935                return NULL;
 936        if (xwcstoutf(template, wtemplate, strlen(template) + 1) < 0)
 937                return NULL;
 938        return template;
 939}
 940
 941int mkstemp(char *template)
 942{
 943        char *filename = mktemp(template);
 944        if (filename == NULL)
 945                return -1;
 946        return open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT, 0600);
 947}
 948
 949int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, void *tz)
 950{
 951        FILETIME ft;
 952        long long hnsec;
 953
 954        GetSystemTimeAsFileTime(&ft);
 955        hnsec = filetime_to_hnsec(&ft);
 956        tv->tv_sec = hnsec / 10000000;
 957        tv->tv_usec = (hnsec % 10000000) / 10;
 958        return 0;
 959}
 960
 961int pipe(int filedes[2])
 962{
 963        HANDLE h[2];
 964
 965        /* this creates non-inheritable handles */
 966        if (!CreatePipe(&h[0], &h[1], NULL, 8192)) {
 967                errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
 968                return -1;
 969        }
 970        filedes[0] = _open_osfhandle(HCAST(int, h[0]), O_NOINHERIT);
 971        if (filedes[0] < 0) {
 972                CloseHandle(h[0]);
 973                CloseHandle(h[1]);
 974                return -1;
 975        }
 976        filedes[1] = _open_osfhandle(HCAST(int, h[1]), O_NOINHERIT);
 977        if (filedes[1] < 0) {
 978                close(filedes[0]);
 979                CloseHandle(h[1]);
 980                return -1;
 981        }
 982        return 0;
 983}
 984
 985struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
 986{
 987        /* gmtime() in MSVCRT.DLL is thread-safe, but not reentrant */
 988        memcpy(result, gmtime(timep), sizeof(struct tm));
 989        return result;
 990}
 991
 992struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result)
 993{
 994        /* localtime() in MSVCRT.DLL is thread-safe, but not reentrant */
 995        memcpy(result, localtime(timep), sizeof(struct tm));
 996        return result;
 997}
 998
 999char *mingw_getcwd(char *pointer, int len)
1000{
1001        wchar_t cwd[MAX_PATH], wpointer[MAX_PATH];
1002        DWORD ret = GetCurrentDirectoryW(ARRAY_SIZE(cwd), cwd);
1003
1004        if (!ret || ret >= ARRAY_SIZE(cwd)) {
1005                errno = ret ? ENAMETOOLONG : err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
1006                return NULL;
1007        }
1008        ret = GetLongPathNameW(cwd, wpointer, ARRAY_SIZE(wpointer));
1009        if (!ret && GetLastError() == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
1010                HANDLE hnd = CreateFileW(cwd, 0,
1011                        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_DELETE, NULL,
1012                        OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, NULL);
1013                if (hnd == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
1014                        return NULL;
1015                ret = GetFinalPathNameByHandleW(hnd, wpointer, ARRAY_SIZE(wpointer), 0);
1016                CloseHandle(hnd);
1017                if (!ret || ret >= ARRAY_SIZE(wpointer))
1018                        return NULL;
1019                if (xwcstoutf(pointer, normalize_ntpath(wpointer), len) < 0)
1020                        return NULL;
1021                return pointer;
1022        }
1023        if (!ret || ret >= ARRAY_SIZE(wpointer))
1024                return NULL;
1025        if (xwcstoutf(pointer, wpointer, len) < 0)
1026                return NULL;
1027        convert_slashes(pointer);
1028        return pointer;
1029}
1030
1031/*
1032 * See "Parsing C++ Command-Line Arguments" at Microsoft's Docs:
1033 * https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/cpp/parsing-cpp-command-line-arguments
1034 */
1035static const char *quote_arg_msvc(const char *arg)
1036{
1037        /* count chars to quote */
1038        int len = 0, n = 0;
1039        int force_quotes = 0;
1040        char *q, *d;
1041        const char *p = arg;
1042        if (!*p) force_quotes = 1;
1043        while (*p) {
1044                if (isspace(*p) || *p == '*' || *p == '?' || *p == '{' || *p == '\'')
1045                        force_quotes = 1;
1046                else if (*p == '"')
1047                        n++;
1048                else if (*p == '\\') {
1049                        int count = 0;
1050                        while (*p == '\\') {
1051                                count++;
1052                                p++;
1053                                len++;
1054                        }
1055                        if (*p == '"')
1056                                n += count*2 + 1;
1057                        continue;
1058                }
1059                len++;
1060                p++;
1061        }
1062        if (!force_quotes && n == 0)
1063                return arg;
1064
1065        /* insert \ where necessary */
1066        d = q = xmalloc(st_add3(len, n, 3));
1067        *d++ = '"';
1068        while (*arg) {
1069                if (*arg == '"')
1070                        *d++ = '\\';
1071                else if (*arg == '\\') {
1072                        int count = 0;
1073                        while (*arg == '\\') {
1074                                count++;
1075                                *d++ = *arg++;
1076                        }
1077                        if (*arg == '"') {
1078                                while (count-- > 0)
1079                                        *d++ = '\\';
1080                                *d++ = '\\';
1081                        }
1082                }
1083                *d++ = *arg++;
1084        }
1085        *d++ = '"';
1086        *d++ = 0;
1087        return q;
1088}
1089
1090#include "quote.h"
1091
1092static const char *quote_arg_msys2(const char *arg)
1093{
1094        struct strbuf buf = STRBUF_INIT;
1095        const char *p2 = arg, *p;
1096
1097        for (p = arg; *p; p++) {
1098                int ws = isspace(*p);
1099                if (!ws && *p != '\\' && *p != '"' && *p != '{')
1100                        continue;
1101                if (!buf.len)
1102                        strbuf_addch(&buf, '"');
1103                if (p != p2)
1104                        strbuf_add(&buf, p2, p - p2);
1105                if (!ws && *p != '{')
1106                        strbuf_addch(&buf, '\\');
1107                p2 = p;
1108        }
1109
1110        if (p == arg)
1111                strbuf_addch(&buf, '"');
1112        else if (!buf.len)
1113                return arg;
1114        else
1115                strbuf_add(&buf, p2, p - p2),
1116
1117        strbuf_addch(&buf, '"');
1118        return strbuf_detach(&buf, 0);
1119}
1120
1121static const char *parse_interpreter(const char *cmd)
1122{
1123        static char buf[100];
1124        char *p, *opt;
1125        int n, fd;
1126
1127        /* don't even try a .exe */
1128        n = strlen(cmd);
1129        if (n >= 4 && !strcasecmp(cmd+n-4, ".exe"))
1130                return NULL;
1131
1132        fd = open(cmd, O_RDONLY);
1133        if (fd < 0)
1134                return NULL;
1135        n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)-1);
1136        close(fd);
1137        if (n < 4)      /* at least '#!/x' and not error */
1138                return NULL;
1139
1140        if (buf[0] != '#' || buf[1] != '!')
1141                return NULL;
1142        buf[n] = '\0';
1143        p = buf + strcspn(buf, "\r\n");
1144        if (!*p)
1145                return NULL;
1146
1147        *p = '\0';
1148        if (!(p = strrchr(buf+2, '/')) && !(p = strrchr(buf+2, '\\')))
1149                return NULL;
1150        /* strip options */
1151        if ((opt = strchr(p+1, ' ')))
1152                *opt = '\0';
1153        return p+1;
1154}
1155
1156/*
1157 * exe_only means that we only want to detect .exe files, but not scripts
1158 * (which do not have an extension)
1159 */
1160static char *lookup_prog(const char *dir, int dirlen, const char *cmd,
1161                         int isexe, int exe_only)
1162{
1163        char path[MAX_PATH];
1164        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%.*s\\%s.exe", dirlen, dir, cmd);
1165
1166        if (!isexe && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
1167                return xstrdup(path);
1168        path[strlen(path)-4] = '\0';
1169        if ((!exe_only || isexe) && access(path, F_OK) == 0)
1170                if (!(GetFileAttributes(path) & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
1171                        return xstrdup(path);
1172        return NULL;
1173}
1174
1175/*
1176 * Determines the absolute path of cmd using the split path in path.
1177 * If cmd contains a slash or backslash, no lookup is performed.
1178 */
1179static char *path_lookup(const char *cmd, int exe_only)
1180{
1181        const char *path;
1182        char *prog = NULL;
1183        int len = strlen(cmd);
1184        int isexe = len >= 4 && !strcasecmp(cmd+len-4, ".exe");
1185
1186        if (strchr(cmd, '/') || strchr(cmd, '\\'))
1187                return xstrdup(cmd);
1188
1189        path = mingw_getenv("PATH");
1190        if (!path)
1191                return NULL;
1192
1193        while (!prog) {
1194                const char *sep = strchrnul(path, ';');
1195                int dirlen = sep - path;
1196                if (dirlen)
1197                        prog = lookup_prog(path, dirlen, cmd, isexe, exe_only);
1198                if (!*sep)
1199                        break;
1200                path = sep + 1;
1201        }
1202
1203        return prog;
1204}
1205
1206static const wchar_t *wcschrnul(const wchar_t *s, wchar_t c)
1207{
1208        while (*s && *s != c)
1209                s++;
1210        return s;
1211}
1212
1213/* Compare only keys */
1214static int wenvcmp(const void *a, const void *b)
1215{
1216        wchar_t *p = *(wchar_t **)a, *q = *(wchar_t **)b;
1217        size_t p_len, q_len;
1218
1219        /* Find the keys */
1220        p_len = wcschrnul(p, L'=') - p;
1221        q_len = wcschrnul(q, L'=') - q;
1222
1223        /* If the length differs, include the shorter key's NUL */
1224        if (p_len < q_len)
1225                p_len++;
1226        else if (p_len > q_len)
1227                p_len = q_len + 1;
1228
1229        return _wcsnicmp(p, q, p_len);
1230}
1231
1232/* We need a stable sort to convert the environment between UTF-16 <-> UTF-8 */
1233#ifndef INTERNAL_QSORT
1234#include "qsort.c"
1235#endif
1236
1237/*
1238 * Build an environment block combining the inherited environment
1239 * merged with the given list of settings.
1240 *
1241 * Values of the form "KEY=VALUE" in deltaenv override inherited values.
1242 * Values of the form "KEY" in deltaenv delete inherited values.
1243 *
1244 * Multiple entries in deltaenv for the same key are explicitly allowed.
1245 *
1246 * We return a contiguous block of UNICODE strings with a final trailing
1247 * zero word.
1248 */
1249static wchar_t *make_environment_block(char **deltaenv)
1250{
1251        wchar_t *wenv = GetEnvironmentStringsW(), *wdeltaenv, *result, *p;
1252        size_t wlen, s, delta_size, size;
1253
1254        wchar_t **array = NULL;
1255        size_t alloc = 0, nr = 0, i;
1256
1257        size = 1; /* for extra NUL at the end */
1258
1259        /* If there is no deltaenv to apply, simply return a copy. */
1260        if (!deltaenv || !*deltaenv) {
1261                for (p = wenv; p && *p; ) {
1262                        size_t s = wcslen(p) + 1;
1263                        size += s;
1264                        p += s;
1265                }
1266
1267                ALLOC_ARRAY(result, size);
1268                memcpy(result, wenv, size * sizeof(*wenv));
1269                FreeEnvironmentStringsW(wenv);
1270                return result;
1271        }
1272
1273        /*
1274         * If there is a deltaenv, let's accumulate all keys into `array`,
1275         * sort them using the stable git_qsort() and then copy, skipping
1276         * duplicate keys
1277         */
1278        for (p = wenv; p && *p; ) {
1279                ALLOC_GROW(array, nr + 1, alloc);
1280                s = wcslen(p) + 1;
1281                array[nr++] = p;
1282                p += s;
1283                size += s;
1284        }
1285
1286        /* (over-)assess size needed for wchar version of deltaenv */
1287        for (delta_size = 0, i = 0; deltaenv[i]; i++)
1288                delta_size += strlen(deltaenv[i]) * 2 + 1;
1289        ALLOC_ARRAY(wdeltaenv, delta_size);
1290
1291        /* convert the deltaenv, appending to array */
1292        for (i = 0, p = wdeltaenv; deltaenv[i]; i++) {
1293                ALLOC_GROW(array, nr + 1, alloc);
1294                wlen = xutftowcs(p, deltaenv[i], wdeltaenv + delta_size - p);
1295                array[nr++] = p;
1296                p += wlen + 1;
1297        }
1298
1299        git_qsort(array, nr, sizeof(*array), wenvcmp);
1300        ALLOC_ARRAY(result, size + delta_size);
1301
1302        for (p = result, i = 0; i < nr; i++) {
1303                /* Skip any duplicate keys; last one wins */
1304                while (i + 1 < nr && !wenvcmp(array + i, array + i + 1))
1305                       i++;
1306
1307                /* Skip "to delete" entry */
1308                if (!wcschr(array[i], L'='))
1309                        continue;
1310
1311                size = wcslen(array[i]) + 1;
1312                memcpy(p, array[i], size * sizeof(*p));
1313                p += size;
1314        }
1315        *p = L'\0';
1316
1317        free(array);
1318        free(wdeltaenv);
1319        FreeEnvironmentStringsW(wenv);
1320        return result;
1321}
1322
1323static void do_unset_environment_variables(void)
1324{
1325        static int done;
1326        char *p = unset_environment_variables;
1327
1328        if (done || !p)
1329                return;
1330        done = 1;
1331
1332        for (;;) {
1333                char *comma = strchr(p, ',');
1334
1335                if (comma)
1336                        *comma = '\0';
1337                unsetenv(p);
1338                if (!comma)
1339                        break;
1340                p = comma + 1;
1341        }
1342}
1343
1344struct pinfo_t {
1345        struct pinfo_t *next;
1346        pid_t pid;
1347        HANDLE proc;
1348};
1349static struct pinfo_t *pinfo = NULL;
1350CRITICAL_SECTION pinfo_cs;
1351
1352/* Used to match and chomp off path components */
1353static inline int match_last_path_component(const char *path, size_t *len,
1354                                            const char *component)
1355{
1356        size_t component_len = strlen(component);
1357        if (*len < component_len + 1 ||
1358            !is_dir_sep(path[*len - component_len - 1]) ||
1359            fspathncmp(path + *len - component_len, component, component_len))
1360                return 0;
1361        *len -= component_len + 1;
1362        /* chomp off repeated dir separators */
1363        while (*len > 0 && is_dir_sep(path[*len - 1]))
1364                (*len)--;
1365        return 1;
1366}
1367
1368static int is_msys2_sh(const char *cmd)
1369{
1370        if (cmd && !strcmp(cmd, "sh")) {
1371                static int ret = -1;
1372                char *p;
1373
1374                if (ret >= 0)
1375                        return ret;
1376
1377                p = path_lookup(cmd, 0);
1378                if (!p)
1379                        ret = 0;
1380                else {
1381                        size_t len = strlen(p);
1382
1383                        ret = match_last_path_component(p, &len, "sh.exe") &&
1384                                match_last_path_component(p, &len, "bin") &&
1385                                match_last_path_component(p, &len, "usr");
1386                        free(p);
1387                }
1388                return ret;
1389        }
1390        return 0;
1391}
1392
1393static pid_t mingw_spawnve_fd(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **deltaenv,
1394                              const char *dir,
1395                              int prepend_cmd, int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
1396{
1397        STARTUPINFOW si;
1398        PROCESS_INFORMATION pi;
1399        struct strbuf args;
1400        wchar_t wcmd[MAX_PATH], wdir[MAX_PATH], *wargs, *wenvblk = NULL;
1401        unsigned flags = CREATE_UNICODE_ENVIRONMENT;
1402        BOOL ret;
1403        HANDLE cons;
1404        const char *(*quote_arg)(const char *arg) =
1405                is_msys2_sh(*argv) ? quote_arg_msys2 : quote_arg_msvc;
1406
1407        do_unset_environment_variables();
1408
1409        /* Determine whether or not we are associated to a console */
1410        cons = CreateFile("CONOUT$", GENERIC_WRITE,
1411                        FILE_SHARE_WRITE, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING,
1412                        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
1413        if (cons == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
1414                /* There is no console associated with this process.
1415                 * Since the child is a console process, Windows
1416                 * would normally create a console window. But
1417                 * since we'll be redirecting std streams, we do
1418                 * not need the console.
1419                 * It is necessary to use DETACHED_PROCESS
1420                 * instead of CREATE_NO_WINDOW to make ssh
1421                 * recognize that it has no console.
1422                 */
1423                flags |= DETACHED_PROCESS;
1424        } else {
1425                /* There is already a console. If we specified
1426                 * DETACHED_PROCESS here, too, Windows would
1427                 * disassociate the child from the console.
1428                 * The same is true for CREATE_NO_WINDOW.
1429                 * Go figure!
1430                 */
1431                CloseHandle(cons);
1432        }
1433        memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
1434        si.cb = sizeof(si);
1435        si.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
1436        si.hStdInput = winansi_get_osfhandle(fhin);
1437        si.hStdOutput = winansi_get_osfhandle(fhout);
1438        si.hStdError = winansi_get_osfhandle(fherr);
1439
1440        if (*argv && !strcmp(cmd, *argv))
1441                wcmd[0] = L'\0';
1442        else if (xutftowcs_path(wcmd, cmd) < 0)
1443                return -1;
1444        if (dir && xutftowcs_path(wdir, dir) < 0)
1445                return -1;
1446
1447        /* concatenate argv, quoting args as we go */
1448        strbuf_init(&args, 0);
1449        if (prepend_cmd) {
1450                char *quoted = (char *)quote_arg(cmd);
1451                strbuf_addstr(&args, quoted);
1452                if (quoted != cmd)
1453                        free(quoted);
1454        }
1455        for (; *argv; argv++) {
1456                char *quoted = (char *)quote_arg(*argv);
1457                if (*args.buf)
1458                        strbuf_addch(&args, ' ');
1459                strbuf_addstr(&args, quoted);
1460                if (quoted != *argv)
1461                        free(quoted);
1462        }
1463
1464        ALLOC_ARRAY(wargs, st_add(st_mult(2, args.len), 1));
1465        xutftowcs(wargs, args.buf, 2 * args.len + 1);
1466        strbuf_release(&args);
1467
1468        wenvblk = make_environment_block(deltaenv);
1469
1470        memset(&pi, 0, sizeof(pi));
1471        ret = CreateProcessW(*wcmd ? wcmd : NULL, wargs, NULL, NULL, TRUE,
1472                flags, wenvblk, dir ? wdir : NULL, &si, &pi);
1473
1474        free(wenvblk);
1475        free(wargs);
1476
1477        if (!ret) {
1478                errno = ENOENT;
1479                return -1;
1480        }
1481        CloseHandle(pi.hThread);
1482
1483        /*
1484         * The process ID is the human-readable identifier of the process
1485         * that we want to present in log and error messages. The handle
1486         * is not useful for this purpose. But we cannot close it, either,
1487         * because it is not possible to turn a process ID into a process
1488         * handle after the process terminated.
1489         * Keep the handle in a list for waitpid.
1490         */
1491        EnterCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
1492        {
1493                struct pinfo_t *info = xmalloc(sizeof(struct pinfo_t));
1494                info->pid = pi.dwProcessId;
1495                info->proc = pi.hProcess;
1496                info->next = pinfo;
1497                pinfo = info;
1498        }
1499        LeaveCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
1500
1501        return (pid_t)pi.dwProcessId;
1502}
1503
1504static pid_t mingw_spawnv(const char *cmd, const char **argv, int prepend_cmd)
1505{
1506        return mingw_spawnve_fd(cmd, argv, NULL, NULL, prepend_cmd, 0, 1, 2);
1507}
1508
1509pid_t mingw_spawnvpe(const char *cmd, const char **argv, char **deltaenv,
1510                     const char *dir,
1511                     int fhin, int fhout, int fherr)
1512{
1513        pid_t pid;
1514        char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, 0);
1515
1516        if (!prog) {
1517                errno = ENOENT;
1518                pid = -1;
1519        }
1520        else {
1521                const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(prog);
1522
1523                if (interpr) {
1524                        const char *argv0 = argv[0];
1525                        char *iprog = path_lookup(interpr, 1);
1526                        argv[0] = prog;
1527                        if (!iprog) {
1528                                errno = ENOENT;
1529                                pid = -1;
1530                        }
1531                        else {
1532                                pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(iprog, argv, deltaenv, dir, 1,
1533                                                       fhin, fhout, fherr);
1534                                free(iprog);
1535                        }
1536                        argv[0] = argv0;
1537                }
1538                else
1539                        pid = mingw_spawnve_fd(prog, argv, deltaenv, dir, 0,
1540                                               fhin, fhout, fherr);
1541                free(prog);
1542        }
1543        return pid;
1544}
1545
1546static int try_shell_exec(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
1547{
1548        const char *interpr = parse_interpreter(cmd);
1549        char *prog;
1550        int pid = 0;
1551
1552        if (!interpr)
1553                return 0;
1554        prog = path_lookup(interpr, 1);
1555        if (prog) {
1556                int exec_id;
1557                int argc = 0;
1558                const char **argv2;
1559                while (argv[argc]) argc++;
1560                ALLOC_ARRAY(argv2, argc + 1);
1561                argv2[0] = (char *)cmd; /* full path to the script file */
1562                memcpy(&argv2[1], &argv[1], sizeof(*argv) * argc);
1563                exec_id = trace2_exec(prog, argv2);
1564                pid = mingw_spawnv(prog, argv2, 1);
1565                if (pid >= 0) {
1566                        int status;
1567                        if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
1568                                status = 255;
1569                        trace2_exec_result(exec_id, status);
1570                        exit(status);
1571                }
1572                trace2_exec_result(exec_id, -1);
1573                pid = 1;        /* indicate that we tried but failed */
1574                free(prog);
1575                free(argv2);
1576        }
1577        return pid;
1578}
1579
1580int mingw_execv(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
1581{
1582        /* check if git_command is a shell script */
1583        if (!try_shell_exec(cmd, argv)) {
1584                int pid, status;
1585                int exec_id;
1586
1587                exec_id = trace2_exec(cmd, (const char **)argv);
1588                pid = mingw_spawnv(cmd, (const char **)argv, 0);
1589                if (pid < 0) {
1590                        trace2_exec_result(exec_id, -1);
1591                        return -1;
1592                }
1593                if (waitpid(pid, &status, 0) < 0)
1594                        status = 255;
1595                trace2_exec_result(exec_id, status);
1596                exit(status);
1597        }
1598        return -1;
1599}
1600
1601int mingw_execvp(const char *cmd, char *const *argv)
1602{
1603        char *prog = path_lookup(cmd, 0);
1604
1605        if (prog) {
1606                mingw_execv(prog, argv);
1607                free(prog);
1608        } else
1609                errno = ENOENT;
1610
1611        return -1;
1612}
1613
1614int mingw_kill(pid_t pid, int sig)
1615{
1616        if (pid > 0 && sig == SIGTERM) {
1617                HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_TERMINATE, FALSE, pid);
1618
1619                if (TerminateProcess(h, -1)) {
1620                        CloseHandle(h);
1621                        return 0;
1622                }
1623
1624                errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
1625                CloseHandle(h);
1626                return -1;
1627        } else if (pid > 0 && sig == 0) {
1628                HANDLE h = OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION, FALSE, pid);
1629                if (h) {
1630                        CloseHandle(h);
1631                        return 0;
1632                }
1633        }
1634
1635        errno = EINVAL;
1636        return -1;
1637}
1638
1639/*
1640 * UTF-8 versions of getenv(), putenv() and unsetenv().
1641 * Internally, they use the CRT's stock UNICODE routines
1642 * to avoid data loss.
1643 */
1644char *mingw_getenv(const char *name)
1645{
1646#define GETENV_MAX_RETAIN 64
1647        static char *values[GETENV_MAX_RETAIN];
1648        static int value_counter;
1649        int len_key, len_value;
1650        wchar_t *w_key;
1651        char *value;
1652        wchar_t w_value[32768];
1653
1654        if (!name || !*name)
1655                return NULL;
1656
1657        len_key = strlen(name) + 1;
1658        /* We cannot use xcalloc() here because that uses getenv() itself */
1659        w_key = calloc(len_key, sizeof(wchar_t));
1660        if (!w_key)
1661                die("Out of memory, (tried to allocate %u wchar_t's)", len_key);
1662        xutftowcs(w_key, name, len_key);
1663        len_value = GetEnvironmentVariableW(w_key, w_value, ARRAY_SIZE(w_value));
1664        if (!len_value && GetLastError() == ERROR_ENVVAR_NOT_FOUND) {
1665                free(w_key);
1666                return NULL;
1667        }
1668        free(w_key);
1669
1670        len_value = len_value * 3 + 1;
1671        /* We cannot use xcalloc() here because that uses getenv() itself */
1672        value = calloc(len_value, sizeof(char));
1673        if (!value)
1674                die("Out of memory, (tried to allocate %u bytes)", len_value);
1675        xwcstoutf(value, w_value, len_value);
1676
1677        /*
1678         * We return `value` which is an allocated value and the caller is NOT
1679         * expecting to have to free it, so we keep a round-robin array,
1680         * invalidating the buffer after GETENV_MAX_RETAIN getenv() calls.
1681         */
1682        free(values[value_counter]);
1683        values[value_counter++] = value;
1684        if (value_counter >= ARRAY_SIZE(values))
1685                value_counter = 0;
1686
1687        return value;
1688}
1689
1690int mingw_putenv(const char *namevalue)
1691{
1692        int size;
1693        wchar_t *wide, *equal;
1694        BOOL result;
1695
1696        if (!namevalue || !*namevalue)
1697                return 0;
1698
1699        size = strlen(namevalue) * 2 + 1;
1700        wide = calloc(size, sizeof(wchar_t));
1701        if (!wide)
1702                die("Out of memory, (tried to allocate %u wchar_t's)", size);
1703        xutftowcs(wide, namevalue, size);
1704        equal = wcschr(wide, L'=');
1705        if (!equal)
1706                result = SetEnvironmentVariableW(wide, NULL);
1707        else {
1708                *equal = L'\0';
1709                result = SetEnvironmentVariableW(wide, equal + 1);
1710        }
1711        free(wide);
1712
1713        if (!result)
1714                errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
1715
1716        return result ? 0 : -1;
1717}
1718
1719static void ensure_socket_initialization(void)
1720{
1721        WSADATA wsa;
1722        static int initialized = 0;
1723
1724        if (initialized)
1725                return;
1726
1727        if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsa))
1728                die("unable to initialize winsock subsystem, error %d",
1729                        WSAGetLastError());
1730
1731        atexit((void(*)(void)) WSACleanup);
1732        initialized = 1;
1733}
1734
1735#undef gethostname
1736int mingw_gethostname(char *name, int namelen)
1737{
1738    ensure_socket_initialization();
1739    return gethostname(name, namelen);
1740}
1741
1742#undef gethostbyname
1743struct hostent *mingw_gethostbyname(const char *host)
1744{
1745        ensure_socket_initialization();
1746        return gethostbyname(host);
1747}
1748
1749#undef getaddrinfo
1750int mingw_getaddrinfo(const char *node, const char *service,
1751                      const struct addrinfo *hints, struct addrinfo **res)
1752{
1753        ensure_socket_initialization();
1754        return getaddrinfo(node, service, hints, res);
1755}
1756
1757int mingw_socket(int domain, int type, int protocol)
1758{
1759        int sockfd;
1760        SOCKET s;
1761
1762        ensure_socket_initialization();
1763        s = WSASocket(domain, type, protocol, NULL, 0, 0);
1764        if (s == INVALID_SOCKET) {
1765                /*
1766                 * WSAGetLastError() values are regular BSD error codes
1767                 * biased by WSABASEERR.
1768                 * However, strerror() does not know about networking
1769                 * specific errors, which are values beginning at 38 or so.
1770                 * Therefore, we choose to leave the biased error code
1771                 * in errno so that _if_ someone looks up the code somewhere,
1772                 * then it is at least the number that are usually listed.
1773                 */
1774                errno = WSAGetLastError();
1775                return -1;
1776        }
1777        /* convert into a file descriptor */
1778        if ((sockfd = _open_osfhandle(s, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
1779                closesocket(s);
1780                return error("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
1781                        strerror(errno));
1782        }
1783        return sockfd;
1784}
1785
1786#undef connect
1787int mingw_connect(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
1788{
1789        SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1790        return connect(s, sa, sz);
1791}
1792
1793#undef bind
1794int mingw_bind(int sockfd, struct sockaddr *sa, size_t sz)
1795{
1796        SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1797        return bind(s, sa, sz);
1798}
1799
1800#undef setsockopt
1801int mingw_setsockopt(int sockfd, int lvl, int optname, void *optval, int optlen)
1802{
1803        SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1804        return setsockopt(s, lvl, optname, (const char*)optval, optlen);
1805}
1806
1807#undef shutdown
1808int mingw_shutdown(int sockfd, int how)
1809{
1810        SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1811        return shutdown(s, how);
1812}
1813
1814#undef listen
1815int mingw_listen(int sockfd, int backlog)
1816{
1817        SOCKET s = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd);
1818        return listen(s, backlog);
1819}
1820
1821#undef accept
1822int mingw_accept(int sockfd1, struct sockaddr *sa, socklen_t *sz)
1823{
1824        int sockfd2;
1825
1826        SOCKET s1 = (SOCKET)_get_osfhandle(sockfd1);
1827        SOCKET s2 = accept(s1, sa, sz);
1828
1829        /* convert into a file descriptor */
1830        if ((sockfd2 = _open_osfhandle(s2, O_RDWR|O_BINARY)) < 0) {
1831                int err = errno;
1832                closesocket(s2);
1833                return error("unable to make a socket file descriptor: %s",
1834                        strerror(err));
1835        }
1836        return sockfd2;
1837}
1838
1839#undef rename
1840int mingw_rename(const char *pold, const char *pnew)
1841{
1842        DWORD attrs, gle;
1843        int tries = 0;
1844        wchar_t wpold[MAX_PATH], wpnew[MAX_PATH];
1845        if (xutftowcs_path(wpold, pold) < 0 || xutftowcs_path(wpnew, pnew) < 0)
1846                return -1;
1847
1848        /*
1849         * Try native rename() first to get errno right.
1850         * It is based on MoveFile(), which cannot overwrite existing files.
1851         */
1852        if (!_wrename(wpold, wpnew))
1853                return 0;
1854        if (errno != EEXIST)
1855                return -1;
1856repeat:
1857        if (MoveFileExW(wpold, wpnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
1858                return 0;
1859        /* TODO: translate more errors */
1860        gle = GetLastError();
1861        if (gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
1862            (attrs = GetFileAttributesW(wpnew)) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
1863                if (attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
1864                        DWORD attrsold = GetFileAttributesW(wpold);
1865                        if (attrsold == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES ||
1866                            !(attrsold & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY))
1867                                errno = EISDIR;
1868                        else if (!_wrmdir(wpnew))
1869                                goto repeat;
1870                        return -1;
1871                }
1872                if ((attrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY) &&
1873                    SetFileAttributesW(wpnew, attrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY)) {
1874                        if (MoveFileExW(wpold, wpnew, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING))
1875                                return 0;
1876                        gle = GetLastError();
1877                        /* revert file attributes on failure */
1878                        SetFileAttributesW(wpnew, attrs);
1879                }
1880        }
1881        if (tries < ARRAY_SIZE(delay) && gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED) {
1882                /*
1883                 * We assume that some other process had the source or
1884                 * destination file open at the wrong moment and retry.
1885                 * In order to give the other process a higher chance to
1886                 * complete its operation, we give up our time slice now.
1887                 * If we have to retry again, we do sleep a bit.
1888                 */
1889                Sleep(delay[tries]);
1890                tries++;
1891                goto repeat;
1892        }
1893        if (gle == ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED &&
1894               ask_yes_no_if_possible("Rename from '%s' to '%s' failed. "
1895                       "Should I try again?", pold, pnew))
1896                goto repeat;
1897
1898        errno = EACCES;
1899        return -1;
1900}
1901
1902/*
1903 * Note that this doesn't return the actual pagesize, but
1904 * the allocation granularity. If future Windows specific git code
1905 * needs the real getpagesize function, we need to find another solution.
1906 */
1907int mingw_getpagesize(void)
1908{
1909        SYSTEM_INFO si;
1910        GetSystemInfo(&si);
1911        return si.dwAllocationGranularity;
1912}
1913
1914/* See https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms724435.aspx */
1915enum EXTENDED_NAME_FORMAT {
1916        NameDisplay = 3,
1917        NameUserPrincipal = 8
1918};
1919
1920static char *get_extended_user_info(enum EXTENDED_NAME_FORMAT type)
1921{
1922        DECLARE_PROC_ADDR(secur32.dll, BOOL, GetUserNameExW,
1923                enum EXTENDED_NAME_FORMAT, LPCWSTR, PULONG);
1924        static wchar_t wbuffer[1024];
1925        DWORD len;
1926
1927        if (!INIT_PROC_ADDR(GetUserNameExW))
1928                return NULL;
1929
1930        len = ARRAY_SIZE(wbuffer);
1931        if (GetUserNameExW(type, wbuffer, &len)) {
1932                char *converted = xmalloc((len *= 3));
1933                if (xwcstoutf(converted, wbuffer, len) >= 0)
1934                        return converted;
1935                free(converted);
1936        }
1937
1938        return NULL;
1939}
1940
1941char *mingw_query_user_email(void)
1942{
1943        return get_extended_user_info(NameUserPrincipal);
1944}
1945
1946struct passwd *getpwuid(int uid)
1947{
1948        static unsigned initialized;
1949        static char user_name[100];
1950        static struct passwd *p;
1951        DWORD len;
1952
1953        if (initialized)
1954                return p;
1955
1956        len = sizeof(user_name);
1957        if (!GetUserName(user_name, &len)) {
1958                initialized = 1;
1959                return NULL;
1960        }
1961
1962        p = xmalloc(sizeof(*p));
1963        p->pw_name = user_name;
1964        p->pw_gecos = get_extended_user_info(NameDisplay);
1965        if (!p->pw_gecos)
1966                p->pw_gecos = "unknown";
1967        p->pw_dir = NULL;
1968
1969        initialized = 1;
1970        return p;
1971}
1972
1973static HANDLE timer_event;
1974static HANDLE timer_thread;
1975static int timer_interval;
1976static int one_shot;
1977static sig_handler_t timer_fn = SIG_DFL, sigint_fn = SIG_DFL;
1978
1979/* The timer works like this:
1980 * The thread, ticktack(), is a trivial routine that most of the time
1981 * only waits to receive the signal to terminate. The main thread tells
1982 * the thread to terminate by setting the timer_event to the signalled
1983 * state.
1984 * But ticktack() interrupts the wait state after the timer's interval
1985 * length to call the signal handler.
1986 */
1987
1988static unsigned __stdcall ticktack(void *dummy)
1989{
1990        while (WaitForSingleObject(timer_event, timer_interval) == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
1991                mingw_raise(SIGALRM);
1992                if (one_shot)
1993                        break;
1994        }
1995        return 0;
1996}
1997
1998static int start_timer_thread(void)
1999{
2000        timer_event = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
2001        if (timer_event) {
2002                timer_thread = (HANDLE) _beginthreadex(NULL, 0, ticktack, NULL, 0, NULL);
2003                if (!timer_thread )
2004                        return errno = ENOMEM,
2005                                error("cannot start timer thread");
2006        } else
2007                return errno = ENOMEM,
2008                        error("cannot allocate resources for timer");
2009        return 0;
2010}
2011
2012static void stop_timer_thread(void)
2013{
2014        if (timer_event)
2015                SetEvent(timer_event);  /* tell thread to terminate */
2016        if (timer_thread) {
2017                int rc = WaitForSingleObject(timer_thread, 10000);
2018                if (rc == WAIT_TIMEOUT)
2019                        error("timer thread did not terminate timely");
2020                else if (rc != WAIT_OBJECT_0)
2021                        error("waiting for timer thread failed: %lu",
2022                              GetLastError());
2023                CloseHandle(timer_thread);
2024        }
2025        if (timer_event)
2026                CloseHandle(timer_event);
2027        timer_event = NULL;
2028        timer_thread = NULL;
2029}
2030
2031static inline int is_timeval_eq(const struct timeval *i1, const struct timeval *i2)
2032{
2033        return i1->tv_sec == i2->tv_sec && i1->tv_usec == i2->tv_usec;
2034}
2035
2036int setitimer(int type, struct itimerval *in, struct itimerval *out)
2037{
2038        static const struct timeval zero;
2039        static int atexit_done;
2040
2041        if (out != NULL)
2042                return errno = EINVAL,
2043                        error("setitimer param 3 != NULL not implemented");
2044        if (!is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero) &&
2045            !is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &in->it_value))
2046                return errno = EINVAL,
2047                        error("setitimer: it_interval must be zero or eq it_value");
2048
2049        if (timer_thread)
2050                stop_timer_thread();
2051
2052        if (is_timeval_eq(&in->it_value, &zero) &&
2053            is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero))
2054                return 0;
2055
2056        timer_interval = in->it_value.tv_sec * 1000 + in->it_value.tv_usec / 1000;
2057        one_shot = is_timeval_eq(&in->it_interval, &zero);
2058        if (!atexit_done) {
2059                atexit(stop_timer_thread);
2060                atexit_done = 1;
2061        }
2062        return start_timer_thread();
2063}
2064
2065int sigaction(int sig, struct sigaction *in, struct sigaction *out)
2066{
2067        if (sig != SIGALRM)
2068                return errno = EINVAL,
2069                        error("sigaction only implemented for SIGALRM");
2070        if (out != NULL)
2071                return errno = EINVAL,
2072                        error("sigaction: param 3 != NULL not implemented");
2073
2074        timer_fn = in->sa_handler;
2075        return 0;
2076}
2077
2078#undef signal
2079sig_handler_t mingw_signal(int sig, sig_handler_t handler)
2080{
2081        sig_handler_t old;
2082
2083        switch (sig) {
2084        case SIGALRM:
2085                old = timer_fn;
2086                timer_fn = handler;
2087                break;
2088
2089        case SIGINT:
2090                old = sigint_fn;
2091                sigint_fn = handler;
2092                break;
2093
2094        default:
2095                return signal(sig, handler);
2096        }
2097
2098        return old;
2099}
2100
2101#undef raise
2102int mingw_raise(int sig)
2103{
2104        switch (sig) {
2105        case SIGALRM:
2106                if (timer_fn == SIG_DFL) {
2107                        if (isatty(STDERR_FILENO))
2108                                fputs("Alarm clock\n", stderr);
2109                        exit(128 + SIGALRM);
2110                } else if (timer_fn != SIG_IGN)
2111                        timer_fn(SIGALRM);
2112                return 0;
2113
2114        case SIGINT:
2115                if (sigint_fn == SIG_DFL)
2116                        exit(128 + SIGINT);
2117                else if (sigint_fn != SIG_IGN)
2118                        sigint_fn(SIGINT);
2119                return 0;
2120
2121        default:
2122                return raise(sig);
2123        }
2124}
2125
2126int link(const char *oldpath, const char *newpath)
2127{
2128        wchar_t woldpath[MAX_PATH], wnewpath[MAX_PATH];
2129        if (xutftowcs_path(woldpath, oldpath) < 0 ||
2130                xutftowcs_path(wnewpath, newpath) < 0)
2131                return -1;
2132
2133        if (!CreateHardLinkW(wnewpath, woldpath, NULL)) {
2134                errno = err_win_to_posix(GetLastError());
2135                return -1;
2136        }
2137        return 0;
2138}
2139
2140pid_t waitpid(pid_t pid, int *status, int options)
2141{
2142        HANDLE h = OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE | PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION,
2143            FALSE, pid);
2144        if (!h) {
2145                errno = ECHILD;
2146                return -1;
2147        }
2148
2149        if (pid > 0 && options & WNOHANG) {
2150                if (WAIT_OBJECT_0 != WaitForSingleObject(h, 0)) {
2151                        CloseHandle(h);
2152                        return 0;
2153                }
2154                options &= ~WNOHANG;
2155        }
2156
2157        if (options == 0) {
2158                struct pinfo_t **ppinfo;
2159                if (WaitForSingleObject(h, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
2160                        CloseHandle(h);
2161                        return 0;
2162                }
2163
2164                if (status)
2165                        GetExitCodeProcess(h, (LPDWORD)status);
2166
2167                EnterCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
2168
2169                ppinfo = &pinfo;
2170                while (*ppinfo) {
2171                        struct pinfo_t *info = *ppinfo;
2172                        if (info->pid == pid) {
2173                                CloseHandle(info->proc);
2174                                *ppinfo = info->next;
2175                                free(info);
2176                                break;
2177                        }
2178                        ppinfo = &info->next;
2179                }
2180
2181                LeaveCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
2182
2183                CloseHandle(h);
2184                return pid;
2185        }
2186        CloseHandle(h);
2187
2188        errno = EINVAL;
2189        return -1;
2190}
2191
2192int xutftowcsn(wchar_t *wcs, const char *utfs, size_t wcslen, int utflen)
2193{
2194        int upos = 0, wpos = 0;
2195        const unsigned char *utf = (const unsigned char*) utfs;
2196        if (!utf || !wcs || wcslen < 1) {
2197                errno = EINVAL;
2198                return -1;
2199        }
2200        /* reserve space for \0 */
2201        wcslen--;
2202        if (utflen < 0)
2203                utflen = INT_MAX;
2204
2205        while (upos < utflen) {
2206                int c = utf[upos++] & 0xff;
2207                if (utflen == INT_MAX && c == 0)
2208                        break;
2209
2210                if (wpos >= wcslen) {
2211                        wcs[wpos] = 0;
2212                        errno = ERANGE;
2213                        return -1;
2214                }
2215
2216                if (c < 0x80) {
2217                        /* ASCII */
2218                        wcs[wpos++] = c;
2219                } else if (c >= 0xc2 && c < 0xe0 && upos < utflen &&
2220                                (utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
2221                        /* 2-byte utf-8 */
2222                        c = ((c & 0x1f) << 6);
2223                        c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
2224                        wcs[wpos++] = c;
2225                } else if (c >= 0xe0 && c < 0xf0 && upos + 1 < utflen &&
2226                                !(c == 0xe0 && utf[upos] < 0xa0) && /* over-long encoding */
2227                                (utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
2228                                (utf[upos + 1] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
2229                        /* 3-byte utf-8 */
2230                        c = ((c & 0x0f) << 12);
2231                        c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 6);
2232                        c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
2233                        wcs[wpos++] = c;
2234                } else if (c >= 0xf0 && c < 0xf5 && upos + 2 < utflen &&
2235                                wpos + 1 < wcslen &&
2236                                !(c == 0xf0 && utf[upos] < 0x90) && /* over-long encoding */
2237                                !(c == 0xf4 && utf[upos] >= 0x90) && /* > \u10ffff */
2238                                (utf[upos] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
2239                                (utf[upos + 1] & 0xc0) == 0x80 &&
2240                                (utf[upos + 2] & 0xc0) == 0x80) {
2241                        /* 4-byte utf-8: convert to \ud8xx \udcxx surrogate pair */
2242                        c = ((c & 0x07) << 18);
2243                        c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 12);
2244                        c |= ((utf[upos++] & 0x3f) << 6);
2245                        c |= (utf[upos++] & 0x3f);
2246                        c -= 0x10000;
2247                        wcs[wpos++] = 0xd800 | (c >> 10);
2248                        wcs[wpos++] = 0xdc00 | (c & 0x3ff);
2249                } else if (c >= 0xa0) {
2250                        /* invalid utf-8 byte, printable unicode char: convert 1:1 */
2251                        wcs[wpos++] = c;
2252                } else {
2253                        /* invalid utf-8 byte, non-printable unicode: convert to hex */
2254                        static const char *hex = "0123456789abcdef";
2255                        wcs[wpos++] = hex[c >> 4];
2256                        if (wpos < wcslen)
2257                                wcs[wpos++] = hex[c & 0x0f];
2258                }
2259        }
2260        wcs[wpos] = 0;
2261        return wpos;
2262}
2263
2264int xwcstoutf(char *utf, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t utflen)
2265{
2266        if (!wcs || !utf || utflen < 1) {
2267                errno = EINVAL;
2268                return -1;
2269        }
2270        utflen = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wcs, -1, utf, utflen, NULL, NULL);
2271        if (utflen)
2272                return utflen - 1;
2273        errno = ERANGE;
2274        return -1;
2275}
2276
2277static void setup_windows_environment(void)
2278{
2279        char *tmp = getenv("TMPDIR");
2280
2281        /* on Windows it is TMP and TEMP */
2282        if (!tmp) {
2283                if (!(tmp = getenv("TMP")))
2284                        tmp = getenv("TEMP");
2285                if (tmp) {
2286                        setenv("TMPDIR", tmp, 1);
2287                        tmp = getenv("TMPDIR");
2288                }
2289        }
2290
2291        if (tmp) {
2292                /*
2293                 * Convert all dir separators to forward slashes,
2294                 * to help shell commands called from the Git
2295                 * executable (by not mistaking the dir separators
2296                 * for escape characters).
2297                 */
2298                convert_slashes(tmp);
2299        }
2300
2301        /* simulate TERM to enable auto-color (see color.c) */
2302        if (!getenv("TERM"))
2303                setenv("TERM", "cygwin", 1);
2304}
2305
2306/*
2307 * Disable MSVCRT command line wildcard expansion (__getmainargs called from
2308 * mingw startup code, see init.c in mingw runtime).
2309 */
2310int _CRT_glob = 0;
2311
2312typedef struct {
2313        int newmode;
2314} _startupinfo;
2315
2316extern int __wgetmainargs(int *argc, wchar_t ***argv, wchar_t ***env, int glob,
2317                _startupinfo *si);
2318
2319static NORETURN void die_startup(void)
2320{
2321        fputs("fatal: not enough memory for initialization", stderr);
2322        exit(128);
2323}
2324
2325static void *malloc_startup(size_t size)
2326{
2327        void *result = malloc(size);
2328        if (!result)
2329                die_startup();
2330        return result;
2331}
2332
2333static char *wcstoutfdup_startup(char *buffer, const wchar_t *wcs, size_t len)
2334{
2335        len = xwcstoutf(buffer, wcs, len) + 1;
2336        return memcpy(malloc_startup(len), buffer, len);
2337}
2338
2339static void maybe_redirect_std_handle(const wchar_t *key, DWORD std_id, int fd,
2340                                      DWORD desired_access, DWORD flags)
2341{
2342        DWORD create_flag = fd ? OPEN_ALWAYS : OPEN_EXISTING;
2343        wchar_t buf[MAX_PATH];
2344        DWORD max = ARRAY_SIZE(buf);
2345        HANDLE handle;
2346        DWORD ret = GetEnvironmentVariableW(key, buf, max);
2347
2348        if (!ret || ret >= max)
2349                return;
2350
2351        /* make sure this does not leak into child processes */
2352        SetEnvironmentVariableW(key, NULL);
2353        if (!wcscmp(buf, L"off")) {
2354                close(fd);
2355                handle = GetStdHandle(std_id);
2356                if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
2357                        CloseHandle(handle);
2358                return;
2359        }
2360        if (std_id == STD_ERROR_HANDLE && !wcscmp(buf, L"2>&1")) {
2361                handle = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
2362                if (handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
2363                        close(fd);
2364                        handle = GetStdHandle(std_id);
2365                        if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
2366                                CloseHandle(handle);
2367                } else {
2368                        int new_fd = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)handle, O_BINARY);
2369                        SetStdHandle(std_id, handle);
2370                        dup2(new_fd, fd);
2371                        /* do *not* close the new_fd: that would close stdout */
2372                }
2373                return;
2374        }
2375        handle = CreateFileW(buf, desired_access, 0, NULL, create_flag,
2376                             flags, NULL);
2377        if (handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
2378                int new_fd = _open_osfhandle((intptr_t)handle, O_BINARY);
2379                SetStdHandle(std_id, handle);
2380                dup2(new_fd, fd);
2381                close(new_fd);
2382        }
2383}
2384
2385static void maybe_redirect_std_handles(void)
2386{
2387        maybe_redirect_std_handle(L"GIT_REDIRECT_STDIN", STD_INPUT_HANDLE, 0,
2388                                  GENERIC_READ, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL);
2389        maybe_redirect_std_handle(L"GIT_REDIRECT_STDOUT", STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE, 1,
2390                                  GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL);
2391        maybe_redirect_std_handle(L"GIT_REDIRECT_STDERR", STD_ERROR_HANDLE, 2,
2392                                  GENERIC_WRITE, FILE_FLAG_NO_BUFFERING);
2393}
2394
2395void mingw_startup(void)
2396{
2397        int i, maxlen, argc;
2398        char *buffer;
2399        wchar_t **wenv, **wargv;
2400        _startupinfo si;
2401
2402        trace2_initialize_clock();
2403
2404        maybe_redirect_std_handles();
2405
2406        /* get wide char arguments and environment */
2407        si.newmode = 0;
2408        if (__wgetmainargs(&argc, &wargv, &wenv, _CRT_glob, &si) < 0)
2409                die_startup();
2410
2411        /* determine size of argv and environ conversion buffer */
2412        maxlen = wcslen(wargv[0]);
2413        for (i = 1; i < argc; i++)
2414                maxlen = max(maxlen, wcslen(wargv[i]));
2415
2416        /* allocate buffer (wchar_t encodes to max 3 UTF-8 bytes) */
2417        maxlen = 3 * maxlen + 1;
2418        buffer = malloc_startup(maxlen);
2419
2420        /* convert command line arguments and environment to UTF-8 */
2421        for (i = 0; i < argc; i++)
2422                __argv[i] = wcstoutfdup_startup(buffer, wargv[i], maxlen);
2423        free(buffer);
2424
2425        /* fix Windows specific environment settings */
2426        setup_windows_environment();
2427
2428        unset_environment_variables = xstrdup("PERL5LIB");
2429
2430        /* initialize critical section for waitpid pinfo_t list */
2431        InitializeCriticalSection(&pinfo_cs);
2432
2433        /* set up default file mode and file modes for stdin/out/err */
2434        _fmode = _O_BINARY;
2435        _setmode(_fileno(stdin), _O_BINARY);
2436        _setmode(_fileno(stdout), _O_BINARY);
2437        _setmode(_fileno(stderr), _O_BINARY);
2438
2439        /* initialize Unicode console */
2440        winansi_init();
2441}
2442
2443int uname(struct utsname *buf)
2444{
2445        unsigned v = (unsigned)GetVersion();
2446        memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
2447        xsnprintf(buf->sysname, sizeof(buf->sysname), "Windows");
2448        xsnprintf(buf->release, sizeof(buf->release),
2449                 "%u.%u", v & 0xff, (v >> 8) & 0xff);
2450        /* assuming NT variants only.. */
2451        xsnprintf(buf->version, sizeof(buf->version),
2452                  "%u", (v >> 16) & 0x7fff);
2453        return 0;
2454}