1Commit Limiting 2~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3 4Besides specifying a range of commits that should be listed using the 5special notations explained in the description, additional commit 6limiting may be applied. 7 8Using more options generally further limits the output (e.g. 9`--since=<date1>` limits to commits newer than `<date1>`, and using it 10with `--grep=<pattern>` further limits to commits whose log message 11has a line that matches `<pattern>`), unless otherwise noted. 12 13Note that these are applied before commit 14ordering and formatting options, such as `--reverse`. 15 16-- 17 18-<number>:: 19-n <number>:: 20--max-count=<number>:: 21 Limit the number of commits to output. 22 23--skip=<number>:: 24 Skip 'number' commits before starting to show the commit output. 25 26--since=<date>:: 27--after=<date>:: 28 Show commits more recent than a specific date. 29 30--until=<date>:: 31--before=<date>:: 32 Show commits older than a specific date. 33 34ifdef::git-rev-list[] 35--max-age=<timestamp>:: 36--min-age=<timestamp>:: 37 Limit the commits output to specified time range. 38endif::git-rev-list[] 39 40--author=<pattern>:: 41--committer=<pattern>:: 42 Limit the commits output to ones with author/committer 43 header lines that match the specified pattern (regular 44 expression). With more than one `--author=<pattern>`, 45 commits whose author matches any of the given patterns are 46 chosen (similarly for multiple `--committer=<pattern>`). 47 48--grep-reflog=<pattern>:: 49 Limit the commits output to ones with reflog entries that 50 match the specified pattern (regular expression). With 51 more than one `--grep-reflog`, commits whose reflog message 52 matches any of the given patterns are chosen. It is an 53 error to use this option unless `--walk-reflogs` is in use. 54 55--grep=<pattern>:: 56 Limit the commits output to ones with log message that 57 matches the specified pattern (regular expression). With 58 more than one `--grep=<pattern>`, commits whose message 59 matches any of the given patterns are chosen (but see 60 `--all-match`). 61ifndef::git-rev-list[] 62+ 63When `--show-notes` is in effect, the message from the notes is 64matched as if it were part of the log message. 65endif::git-rev-list[] 66 67--all-match:: 68 Limit the commits output to ones that match all given `--grep`, 69 instead of ones that match at least one. 70 71--invert-grep:: 72 Limit the commits output to ones with log message that do not 73 match the pattern specified with `--grep=<pattern>`. 74 75-i:: 76--regexp-ignore-case:: 77 Match the regular expression limiting patterns without regard to letter 78 case. 79 80--basic-regexp:: 81 Consider the limiting patterns to be basic regular expressions; 82 this is the default. 83 84-E:: 85--extended-regexp:: 86 Consider the limiting patterns to be extended regular expressions 87 instead of the default basic regular expressions. 88 89-F:: 90--fixed-strings:: 91 Consider the limiting patterns to be fixed strings (don't interpret 92 pattern as a regular expression). 93 94--perl-regexp:: 95 Consider the limiting patterns to be Perl-compatible regular expressions. 96 Requires libpcre to be compiled in. 97 98--remove-empty:: 99 Stop when a given path disappears from the tree. 100 101--merges:: 102 Print only merge commits. This is exactly the same as `--min-parents=2`. 103 104--no-merges:: 105 Do not print commits with more than one parent. This is 106 exactly the same as `--max-parents=1`. 107 108--min-parents=<number>:: 109--max-parents=<number>:: 110--no-min-parents:: 111--no-max-parents:: 112 Show only commits which have at least (or at most) that many parent 113 commits. In particular, `--max-parents=1` is the same as `--no-merges`, 114 `--min-parents=2` is the same as `--merges`. `--max-parents=0` 115 gives all root commits and `--min-parents=3` all octopus merges. 116+ 117`--no-min-parents` and `--no-max-parents` reset these limits (to no limit) 118again. Equivalent forms are `--min-parents=0` (any commit has 0 or more 119parents) and `--max-parents=-1` (negative numbers denote no upper limit). 120 121--first-parent:: 122 Follow only the first parent commit upon seeing a merge 123 commit. This option can give a better overview when 124 viewing the evolution of a particular topic branch, 125 because merges into a topic branch tend to be only about 126 adjusting to updated upstream from time to time, and 127 this option allows you to ignore the individual commits 128 brought in to your history by such a merge. Cannot be 129 combined with --bisect. 130 131--not:: 132 Reverses the meaning of the '{caret}' prefix (or lack thereof) 133 for all following revision specifiers, up to the next `--not`. 134 135--all:: 136 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/` are listed on the 137 command line as '<commit>'. 138 139--branches[=<pattern>]:: 140 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/heads` are listed 141 on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit 142 branches to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', 143 '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 144 145--tags[=<pattern>]:: 146 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/tags` are listed 147 on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit 148 tags to ones matching given shell glob. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', 149 or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 150 151--remotes[=<pattern>]:: 152 Pretend as if all the refs in `refs/remotes` are listed 153 on the command line as '<commit>'. If '<pattern>' is given, limit 154 remote-tracking branches to ones matching given shell glob. 155 If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 156 157--glob=<glob-pattern>:: 158 Pretend as if all the refs matching shell glob '<glob-pattern>' 159 are listed on the command line as '<commit>'. Leading 'refs/', 160 is automatically prepended if missing. If pattern lacks '?', '{asterisk}', 161 or '[', '/{asterisk}' at the end is implied. 162 163--exclude=<glob-pattern>:: 164 165 Do not include refs matching '<glob-pattern>' that the next `--all`, 166 `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or `--glob` would otherwise 167 consider. Repetitions of this option accumulate exclusion patterns 168 up to the next `--all`, `--branches`, `--tags`, `--remotes`, or 169 `--glob` option (other options or arguments do not clear 170 accumulated patterns). 171+ 172The patterns given should not begin with `refs/heads`, `refs/tags`, or 173`refs/remotes` when applied to `--branches`, `--tags`, or `--remotes`, 174respectively, and they must begin with `refs/` when applied to `--glob` 175or `--all`. If a trailing '/{asterisk}' is intended, it must be given 176explicitly. 177 178--reflog:: 179 Pretend as if all objects mentioned by reflogs are listed on the 180 command line as `<commit>`. 181 182--ignore-missing:: 183 Upon seeing an invalid object name in the input, pretend as if 184 the bad input was not given. 185 186ifndef::git-rev-list[] 187--bisect:: 188 Pretend as if the bad bisection ref `refs/bisect/bad` 189 was listed and as if it was followed by `--not` and the good 190 bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` on the command 191 line. Cannot be combined with --first-parent. 192endif::git-rev-list[] 193 194--stdin:: 195 In addition to the '<commit>' listed on the command 196 line, read them from the standard input. If a `--` separator is 197 seen, stop reading commits and start reading paths to limit the 198 result. 199 200ifdef::git-rev-list[] 201--quiet:: 202 Don't print anything to standard output. This form 203 is primarily meant to allow the caller to 204 test the exit status to see if a range of objects is fully 205 connected (or not). It is faster than redirecting stdout 206 to `/dev/null` as the output does not have to be formatted. 207endif::git-rev-list[] 208 209--cherry-mark:: 210 Like `--cherry-pick` (see below) but mark equivalent commits 211 with `=` rather than omitting them, and inequivalent ones with `+`. 212 213--cherry-pick:: 214 Omit any commit that introduces the same change as 215 another commit on the ``other side'' when the set of 216 commits are limited with symmetric difference. 217+ 218For example, if you have two branches, `A` and `B`, a usual way 219to list all commits on only one side of them is with 220`--left-right` (see the example below in the description of 221the `--left-right` option). However, it shows the commits that were 222cherry-picked from the other branch (for example, ``3rd on b'' may be 223cherry-picked from branch A). With this option, such pairs of commits are 224excluded from the output. 225 226--left-only:: 227--right-only:: 228 List only commits on the respective side of a symmetric range, 229 i.e. only those which would be marked `<` resp. `>` by 230 `--left-right`. 231+ 232For example, `--cherry-pick --right-only A...B` omits those 233commits from `B` which are in `A` or are patch-equivalent to a commit in 234`A`. In other words, this lists the `+` commits from `git cherry A B`. 235More precisely, `--cherry-pick --right-only --no-merges` gives the exact 236list. 237 238--cherry:: 239 A synonym for `--right-only --cherry-mark --no-merges`; useful to 240 limit the output to the commits on our side and mark those that 241 have been applied to the other side of a forked history with 242 `git log --cherry upstream...mybranch`, similar to 243 `git cherry upstream mybranch`. 244 245-g:: 246--walk-reflogs:: 247 Instead of walking the commit ancestry chain, walk 248 reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones. 249 When this option is used you cannot specify commits to 250 exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2', 251 and 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used). 252+ 253With `--pretty` format other than `oneline` (for obvious reasons), 254this causes the output to have two extra lines of information 255taken from the reflog. By default, 'commit@\{Nth}' notation is 256used in the output. When the starting commit is specified as 257'commit@\{now}', output also uses 'commit@\{timestamp}' notation 258instead. Under `--pretty=oneline`, the commit message is 259prefixed with this information on the same line. 260This option cannot be combined with `--reverse`. 261See also linkgit:git-reflog[1]. 262 263--merge:: 264 After a failed merge, show refs that touch files having a 265 conflict and don't exist on all heads to merge. 266 267--boundary:: 268 Output excluded boundary commits. Boundary commits are 269 prefixed with `-`. 270 271ifdef::git-rev-list[] 272--use-bitmap-index:: 273 274 Try to speed up the traversal using the pack bitmap index (if 275 one is available). Note that when traversing with `--objects`, 276 trees and blobs will not have their associated path printed. 277endif::git-rev-list[] 278 279-- 280 281History Simplification 282~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 283 284Sometimes you are only interested in parts of the history, for example the 285commits modifying a particular <path>. But there are two parts of 286'History Simplification', one part is selecting the commits and the other 287is how to do it, as there are various strategies to simplify the history. 288 289The following options select the commits to be shown: 290 291<paths>:: 292 Commits modifying the given <paths> are selected. 293 294--simplify-by-decoration:: 295 Commits that are referred by some branch or tag are selected. 296 297Note that extra commits can be shown to give a meaningful history. 298 299The following options affect the way the simplification is performed: 300 301Default mode:: 302 Simplifies the history to the simplest history explaining the 303 final state of the tree. Simplest because it prunes some side 304 branches if the end result is the same (i.e. merging branches 305 with the same content) 306 307--full-history:: 308 Same as the default mode, but does not prune some history. 309 310--dense:: 311 Only the selected commits are shown, plus some to have a 312 meaningful history. 313 314--sparse:: 315 All commits in the simplified history are shown. 316 317--simplify-merges:: 318 Additional option to `--full-history` to remove some needless 319 merges from the resulting history, as there are no selected 320 commits contributing to this merge. 321 322--ancestry-path:: 323 When given a range of commits to display (e.g. 'commit1..commit2' 324 or 'commit2 {caret}commit1'), only display commits that exist 325 directly on the ancestry chain between the 'commit1' and 326 'commit2', i.e. commits that are both descendants of 'commit1', 327 and ancestors of 'commit2'. 328 329A more detailed explanation follows. 330 331Suppose you specified `foo` as the <paths>. We shall call commits 332that modify `foo` !TREESAME, and the rest TREESAME. (In a diff 333filtered for `foo`, they look different and equal, respectively.) 334 335In the following, we will always refer to the same example history to 336illustrate the differences between simplification settings. We assume 337that you are filtering for a file `foo` in this commit graph: 338----------------------------------------------------------------------- 339 .-A---M---N---O---P---Q 340 / / / / / / 341 I B C D E Y 342 \ / / / / / 343 `-------------' X 344----------------------------------------------------------------------- 345The horizontal line of history A---Q is taken to be the first parent of 346each merge. The commits are: 347 348* `I` is the initial commit, in which `foo` exists with contents 349 ``asdf'', and a file `quux` exists with contents ``quux''. Initial 350 commits are compared to an empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME. 351 352* In `A`, `foo` contains just ``foo''. 353 354* `B` contains the same change as `A`. Its merge `M` is trivial and 355 hence TREESAME to all parents. 356 357* `C` does not change `foo`, but its merge `N` changes it to ``foobar'', 358 so it is not TREESAME to any parent. 359 360* `D` sets `foo` to ``baz''. Its merge `O` combines the strings from 361 `N` and `D` to ``foobarbaz''; i.e., it is not TREESAME to any parent. 362 363* `E` changes `quux` to ``xyzzy'', and its merge `P` combines the 364 strings to ``quux xyzzy''. `P` is TREESAME to `O`, but not to `E`. 365 366* `X` is an independent root commit that added a new file `side`, and `Y` 367 modified it. `Y` is TREESAME to `X`. Its merge `Q` added `side` to `P`, and 368 `Q` is TREESAME to `P`, but not to `Y`. 369 370`rev-list` walks backwards through history, including or excluding 371commits based on whether `--full-history` and/or parent rewriting 372(via `--parents` or `--children`) are used. The following settings 373are available. 374 375Default mode:: 376 Commits are included if they are not TREESAME to any parent 377 (though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below). If the 378 commit was a merge, and it was TREESAME to one parent, follow 379 only that parent. (Even if there are several TREESAME 380 parents, follow only one of them.) Otherwise, follow all 381 parents. 382+ 383This results in: 384+ 385----------------------------------------------------------------------- 386 .-A---N---O 387 / / / 388 I---------D 389----------------------------------------------------------------------- 390+ 391Note how the rule to only follow the TREESAME parent, if one is 392available, removed `B` from consideration entirely. `C` was 393considered via `N`, but is TREESAME. Root commits are compared to an 394empty tree, so `I` is !TREESAME. 395+ 396Parent/child relations are only visible with `--parents`, but that does 397not affect the commits selected in default mode, so we have shown the 398parent lines. 399 400--full-history without parent rewriting:: 401 This mode differs from the default in one point: always follow 402 all parents of a merge, even if it is TREESAME to one of them. 403 Even if more than one side of the merge has commits that are 404 included, this does not imply that the merge itself is! In 405 the example, we get 406+ 407----------------------------------------------------------------------- 408 I A B N D O P Q 409----------------------------------------------------------------------- 410+ 411`M` was excluded because it is TREESAME to both parents. `E`, 412`C` and `B` were all walked, but only `B` was !TREESAME, so the others 413do not appear. 414+ 415Note that without parent rewriting, it is not really possible to talk 416about the parent/child relationships between the commits, so we show 417them disconnected. 418 419--full-history with parent rewriting:: 420 Ordinary commits are only included if they are !TREESAME 421 (though this can be changed, see `--sparse` below). 422+ 423Merges are always included. However, their parent list is rewritten: 424Along each parent, prune away commits that are not included 425themselves. This results in 426+ 427----------------------------------------------------------------------- 428 .-A---M---N---O---P---Q 429 / / / / / 430 I B / D / 431 \ / / / / 432 `-------------' 433----------------------------------------------------------------------- 434+ 435Compare to `--full-history` without rewriting above. Note that `E` 436was pruned away because it is TREESAME, but the parent list of P was 437rewritten to contain `E`'s parent `I`. The same happened for `C` and 438`N`, and `X`, `Y` and `Q`. 439 440In addition to the above settings, you can change whether TREESAME 441affects inclusion: 442 443--dense:: 444 Commits that are walked are included if they are not TREESAME 445 to any parent. 446 447--sparse:: 448 All commits that are walked are included. 449+ 450Note that without `--full-history`, this still simplifies merges: if 451one of the parents is TREESAME, we follow only that one, so the other 452sides of the merge are never walked. 453 454--simplify-merges:: 455 First, build a history graph in the same way that 456 `--full-history` with parent rewriting does (see above). 457+ 458Then simplify each commit `C` to its replacement `C'` in the final 459history according to the following rules: 460+ 461-- 462* Set `C'` to `C`. 463+ 464* Replace each parent `P` of `C'` with its simplification `P'`. In 465 the process, drop parents that are ancestors of other parents or that are 466 root commits TREESAME to an empty tree, and remove duplicates, but take care 467 to never drop all parents that we are TREESAME to. 468+ 469* If after this parent rewriting, `C'` is a root or merge commit (has 470 zero or >1 parents), a boundary commit, or !TREESAME, it remains. 471 Otherwise, it is replaced with its only parent. 472-- 473+ 474The effect of this is best shown by way of comparing to 475`--full-history` with parent rewriting. The example turns into: 476+ 477----------------------------------------------------------------------- 478 .-A---M---N---O 479 / / / 480 I B D 481 \ / / 482 `---------' 483----------------------------------------------------------------------- 484+ 485Note the major differences in `N`, `P`, and `Q` over `--full-history`: 486+ 487-- 488* `N`'s parent list had `I` removed, because it is an ancestor of the 489 other parent `M`. Still, `N` remained because it is !TREESAME. 490+ 491* `P`'s parent list similarly had `I` removed. `P` was then 492 removed completely, because it had one parent and is TREESAME. 493+ 494* `Q`'s parent list had `Y` simplified to `X`. `X` was then removed, because it 495 was a TREESAME root. `Q` was then removed completely, because it had one 496 parent and is TREESAME. 497-- 498 499Finally, there is a fifth simplification mode available: 500 501--ancestry-path:: 502 Limit the displayed commits to those directly on the ancestry 503 chain between the ``from'' and ``to'' commits in the given commit 504 range. I.e. only display commits that are ancestor of the ``to'' 505 commit and descendants of the ``from'' commit. 506+ 507As an example use case, consider the following commit history: 508+ 509----------------------------------------------------------------------- 510 D---E-------F 511 / \ \ 512 B---C---G---H---I---J 513 / \ 514 A-------K---------------L--M 515----------------------------------------------------------------------- 516+ 517A regular 'D..M' computes the set of commits that are ancestors of `M`, 518but excludes the ones that are ancestors of `D`. This is useful to see 519what happened to the history leading to `M` since `D`, in the sense 520that ``what does `M` have that did not exist in `D`''. The result in this 521example would be all the commits, except `A` and `B` (and `D` itself, 522of course). 523+ 524When we want to find out what commits in `M` are contaminated with the 525bug introduced by `D` and need fixing, however, we might want to view 526only the subset of 'D..M' that are actually descendants of `D`, i.e. 527excluding `C` and `K`. This is exactly what the `--ancestry-path` 528option does. Applied to the 'D..M' range, it results in: 529+ 530----------------------------------------------------------------------- 531 E-------F 532 \ \ 533 G---H---I---J 534 \ 535 L--M 536----------------------------------------------------------------------- 537 538The `--simplify-by-decoration` option allows you to view only the 539big picture of the topology of the history, by omitting commits 540that are not referenced by tags. Commits are marked as !TREESAME 541(in other words, kept after history simplification rules described 542above) if (1) they are referenced by tags, or (2) they change the 543contents of the paths given on the command line. All other 544commits are marked as TREESAME (subject to be simplified away). 545 546ifdef::git-rev-list[] 547Bisection Helpers 548~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 549 550--bisect:: 551 Limit output to the one commit object which is roughly halfway between 552 included and excluded commits. Note that the bad bisection ref 553 `refs/bisect/bad` is added to the included commits (if it 554 exists) and the good bisection refs `refs/bisect/good-*` are 555 added to the excluded commits (if they exist). Thus, supposing there 556 are no refs in `refs/bisect/`, if 557+ 558----------------------------------------------------------------------- 559 $ git rev-list --bisect foo ^bar ^baz 560----------------------------------------------------------------------- 561+ 562outputs 'midpoint', the output of the two commands 563+ 564----------------------------------------------------------------------- 565 $ git rev-list foo ^midpoint 566 $ git rev-list midpoint ^bar ^baz 567----------------------------------------------------------------------- 568+ 569would be of roughly the same length. Finding the change which 570introduces a regression is thus reduced to a binary search: repeatedly 571generate and test new 'midpoint's until the commit chain is of length 572one. Cannot be combined with --first-parent. 573 574--bisect-vars:: 575 This calculates the same as `--bisect`, except that refs in 576 `refs/bisect/` are not used, and except that this outputs 577 text ready to be eval'ed by the shell. These lines will assign the 578 name of the midpoint revision to the variable `bisect_rev`, and the 579 expected number of commits to be tested after `bisect_rev` is tested 580 to `bisect_nr`, the expected number of commits to be tested if 581 `bisect_rev` turns out to be good to `bisect_good`, the expected 582 number of commits to be tested if `bisect_rev` turns out to be bad to 583 `bisect_bad`, and the number of commits we are bisecting right now to 584 `bisect_all`. 585 586--bisect-all:: 587 This outputs all the commit objects between the included and excluded 588 commits, ordered by their distance to the included and excluded 589 commits. Refs in `refs/bisect/` are not used. The farthest 590 from them is displayed first. (This is the only one displayed by 591 `--bisect`.) 592+ 593This is useful because it makes it easy to choose a good commit to 594test when you want to avoid to test some of them for some reason (they 595may not compile for example). 596+ 597This option can be used along with `--bisect-vars`, in this case, 598after all the sorted commit objects, there will be the same text as if 599`--bisect-vars` had been used alone. 600endif::git-rev-list[] 601 602 603Commit Ordering 604~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 605 606By default, the commits are shown in reverse chronological order. 607 608--date-order:: 609 Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but 610 otherwise show commits in the commit timestamp order. 611 612--author-date-order:: 613 Show no parents before all of its children are shown, but 614 otherwise show commits in the author timestamp order. 615 616--topo-order:: 617 Show no parents before all of its children are shown, and 618 avoid showing commits on multiple lines of history 619 intermixed. 620+ 621For example, in a commit history like this: 622+ 623---------------------------------------------------------------- 624 625 ---1----2----4----7 626 \ \ 627 3----5----6----8--- 628 629---------------------------------------------------------------- 630+ 631where the numbers denote the order of commit timestamps, `git 632rev-list` and friends with `--date-order` show the commits in the 633timestamp order: 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1. 634+ 635With `--topo-order`, they would show 8 6 5 3 7 4 2 1 (or 8 7 4 2 6 5 6363 1); some older commits are shown before newer ones in order to 637avoid showing the commits from two parallel development track mixed 638together. 639 640--reverse:: 641 Output the commits in reverse order. 642 Cannot be combined with `--walk-reflogs`. 643 644Object Traversal 645~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 646 647These options are mostly targeted for packing of Git repositories. 648 649ifdef::git-rev-list[] 650--objects:: 651 Print the object IDs of any object referenced by the listed 652 commits. `--objects foo ^bar` thus means ``send me 653 all object IDs which I need to download if I have the commit 654 object _bar_ but not _foo_''. 655 656--objects-edge:: 657 Similar to `--objects`, but also print the IDs of excluded 658 commits prefixed with a ``-'' character. This is used by 659 linkgit:git-pack-objects[1] to build a ``thin'' pack, which records 660 objects in deltified form based on objects contained in these 661 excluded commits to reduce network traffic. 662 663--objects-edge-aggressive:: 664 Similar to `--objects-edge`, but it tries harder to find excluded 665 commits at the cost of increased time. This is used instead of 666 `--objects-edge` to build ``thin'' packs for shallow repositories. 667 668--indexed-objects:: 669 Pretend as if all trees and blobs used by the index are listed 670 on the command line. Note that you probably want to use 671 `--objects`, too. 672 673--unpacked:: 674 Only useful with `--objects`; print the object IDs that are not 675 in packs. 676endif::git-rev-list[] 677 678--no-walk[=(sorted|unsorted)]:: 679 Only show the given commits, but do not traverse their ancestors. 680 This has no effect if a range is specified. If the argument 681 `unsorted` is given, the commits are shown in the order they were 682 given on the command line. Otherwise (if `sorted` or no argument 683 was given), the commits are shown in reverse chronological order 684 by commit time. 685 Cannot be combined with `--graph`. 686 687--do-walk:: 688 Overrides a previous `--no-walk`. 689 690Commit Formatting 691~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 692 693ifdef::git-rev-list[] 694Using these options, linkgit:git-rev-list[1] will act similar to the 695more specialized family of commit log tools: linkgit:git-log[1], 696linkgit:git-show[1], and linkgit:git-whatchanged[1] 697endif::git-rev-list[] 698 699include::pretty-options.txt[] 700 701--relative-date:: 702 Synonym for `--date=relative`. 703 704--date=<format>:: 705 Only takes effect for dates shown in human-readable format, such 706 as when using `--pretty`. `log.date` config variable sets a default 707 value for the log command's `--date` option. By default, dates 708 are shown in the original time zone (either committer's or 709 author's). If `-local` is appended to the format (e.g., 710 `iso-local`), the user's local time zone is used instead. 711+ 712`--date=relative` shows dates relative to the current time, 713e.g. ``2 hours ago''. The `-local` option cannot be used with 714`--raw` or `--relative`. 715+ 716`--date=local` is an alias for `--date=default-local`. 717+ 718`--date=iso` (or `--date=iso8601`) shows timestamps in a ISO 8601-like format. 719The differences to the strict ISO 8601 format are: 720 721 - a space instead of the `T` date/time delimiter 722 - a space between time and time zone 723 - no colon between hours and minutes of the time zone 724 725+ 726`--date=iso-strict` (or `--date=iso8601-strict`) shows timestamps in strict 727ISO 8601 format. 728+ 729`--date=rfc` (or `--date=rfc2822`) shows timestamps in RFC 2822 730format, often found in email messages. 731+ 732`--date=short` shows only the date, but not the time, in `YYYY-MM-DD` format. 733+ 734`--date=raw` shows the date in the internal raw Git format `%s %z` format. 735+ 736`--date=format:...` feeds the format `...` to your system `strftime`. 737Use `--date=format:%c` to show the date in your system locale's 738preferred format. See the `strftime` manual for a complete list of 739format placeholders. When using `-local`, the correct syntax is 740`--date=format-local:...`. 741+ 742`--date=default` is the default format, and is similar to 743`--date=rfc2822`, with a few exceptions: 744 745 - there is no comma after the day-of-week 746 747 - the time zone is omitted when the local time zone is used 748 749ifdef::git-rev-list[] 750--header:: 751 Print the contents of the commit in raw-format; each record is 752 separated with a NUL character. 753endif::git-rev-list[] 754 755--parents:: 756 Print also the parents of the commit (in the form "commit parent..."). 757 Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below. 758 759--children:: 760 Print also the children of the commit (in the form "commit child..."). 761 Also enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below. 762 763ifdef::git-rev-list[] 764--timestamp:: 765 Print the raw commit timestamp. 766endif::git-rev-list[] 767 768--left-right:: 769 Mark which side of a symmetric diff a commit is reachable from. 770 Commits from the left side are prefixed with `<` and those from 771 the right with `>`. If combined with `--boundary`, those 772 commits are prefixed with `-`. 773+ 774For example, if you have this topology: 775+ 776----------------------------------------------------------------------- 777 y---b---b branch B 778 / \ / 779 / . 780 / / \ 781 o---x---a---a branch A 782----------------------------------------------------------------------- 783+ 784you would get an output like this: 785+ 786----------------------------------------------------------------------- 787 $ git rev-list --left-right --boundary --pretty=oneline A...B 788 789 >bbbbbbb... 3rd on b 790 >bbbbbbb... 2nd on b 791 <aaaaaaa... 3rd on a 792 <aaaaaaa... 2nd on a 793 -yyyyyyy... 1st on b 794 -xxxxxxx... 1st on a 795----------------------------------------------------------------------- 796 797--graph:: 798 Draw a text-based graphical representation of the commit history 799 on the left hand side of the output. This may cause extra lines 800 to be printed in between commits, in order for the graph history 801 to be drawn properly. 802 Cannot be combined with `--no-walk`. 803+ 804This enables parent rewriting, see 'History Simplification' below. 805+ 806This implies the `--topo-order` option by default, but the 807`--date-order` option may also be specified. 808 809--show-linear-break[=<barrier>]:: 810 When --graph is not used, all history branches are flattened 811 which can make it hard to see that the two consecutive commits 812 do not belong to a linear branch. This option puts a barrier 813 in between them in that case. If `<barrier>` is specified, it 814 is the string that will be shown instead of the default one. 815 816ifdef::git-rev-list[] 817--count:: 818 Print a number stating how many commits would have been 819 listed, and suppress all other output. When used together 820 with `--left-right`, instead print the counts for left and 821 right commits, separated by a tab. When used together with 822 `--cherry-mark`, omit patch equivalent commits from these 823 counts and print the count for equivalent commits separated 824 by a tab. 825endif::git-rev-list[] 826 827ifndef::git-rev-list[] 828Diff Formatting 829~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 830 831Listed below are options that control the formatting of diff output. 832Some of them are specific to linkgit:git-rev-list[1], however other diff 833options may be given. See linkgit:git-diff-files[1] for more options. 834 835-c:: 836 With this option, diff output for a merge commit 837 shows the differences from each of the parents to the merge result 838 simultaneously instead of showing pairwise diff between a parent 839 and the result one at a time. Furthermore, it lists only files 840 which were modified from all parents. 841 842--cc:: 843 This flag implies the `-c` option and further compresses the 844 patch output by omitting uninteresting hunks whose contents in 845 the parents have only two variants and the merge result picks 846 one of them without modification. 847 848-m:: 849 This flag makes the merge commits show the full diff like 850 regular commits; for each merge parent, a separate log entry 851 and diff is generated. An exception is that only diff against 852 the first parent is shown when `--first-parent` option is given; 853 in that case, the output represents the changes the merge 854 brought _into_ the then-current branch. 855 856-r:: 857 Show recursive diffs. 858 859-t:: 860 Show the tree objects in the diff output. This implies `-r`. 861endif::git-rev-list[]