Show the status of the submodules. This will print the SHA-1 of the
currently checked out commit for each submodule, along with the
submodule path and the output of 'git describe' for the
- SHA-1. Each SHA-1 will be prefixed with `-` if the submodule is not
- initialized, `+` if the currently checked out submodule commit
+ SHA-1. Each SHA-1 will possibly be prefixed with `-` if the submodule is
+ not initialized, `+` if the currently checked out submodule commit
does not match the SHA-1 found in the index of the containing
repository and `U` if the submodule has merge conflicts.
+
the submodules. The "updating" can be done in several ways depending
on command line options and the value of `submodule.<name>.update`
configuration variable. The command line option takes precedence over
-the configuration variable. if neither is given, a checkout is performed.
-update procedures supported both from the command line as well as setting
-`submodule.<name>.update`:
+the configuration variable. If neither is given, a 'checkout' is performed.
+The 'update' procedures supported both from the command line as well as
+through the `submodule.<name>.update` configuration are:
checkout;; the commit recorded in the superproject will be
checked out in the submodule on a detached HEAD.
+
If `--force` is specified, the submodule will be checked out (using
-`git checkout --force` if appropriate), even if the commit specified
+`git checkout --force`), even if the commit specified
in the index of the containing repository already matches the commit
checked out in the submodule.
merge;; the commit recorded in the superproject will be merged
into the current branch in the submodule.
-The following procedures are only available via the `submodule.<name>.update`
-configuration variable:
+The following 'update' procedures are only available via the
+`submodule.<name>.update` configuration variable:
custom command;; arbitrary shell command that takes a single
argument (the sha1 of the commit recorded in the
superproject expects the submodule’s working directory to be at.
The section `submodule.foo.*` in the `.gitmodules` file gives additional
-hints to Gits porcelain layer such as where to obtain the submodule via
-the `submodule.foo.url` setting.
+hints to Git's porcelain layer. For example, the `submodule.foo.url`
+setting specifies where to obtain the submodule.
Submodules can be used for at least two different use cases:
2. Splitting a (logically single) project into multiple
repositories and tying them back together. This can be used to
- overcome current limitations of Gits implementation to have
+ overcome current limitations of Git's implementation to have
finer grained access:
- * Size of the git repository:
+ * Size of the Git repository:
In its current form Git scales up poorly for large repositories containing
content that is not compressed by delta computation between trees.
- However you can also use submodules to e.g. hold large binary assets
- and these repositories are then shallowly cloned such that you do not
+ For example, you can use submodules to hold large binary assets
+ and these repositories can be shallowly cloned such that you do not
have a large history locally.
* Transfer size:
In its current form Git requires the whole working tree present. It
does not allow partial trees to be transferred in fetch or clone.
+ If the project you work on consists of multiple repositories tied
+ together as submodules in a superproject, you can avoid fetching the
+ working trees of the repositories you are not interested in.
* Access control:
By restricting user access to submodules, this can be used to implement
read/write policies for different users.
Submodule operations can be configured using the following mechanisms
(from highest to lowest precedence):
- * The command line for those commands that support taking submodule specs.
- Most commands have a boolean flag '--recurse-submodules' whether to
- recurse into submodules. Examples are `ls-files` or `checkout`.
+ * The command line for those commands that support taking submodules
+ as part of their pathspecs. Most commands have a boolean flag
+ `--recurse-submodules` which specify whether to recurse into submodules.
+ Examples are `grep` and `checkout`.
Some commands take enums, such as `fetch` and `push`, where you can
specify how submodules are affected.
For example an effect from the submodule's `.gitignore` file
would be observed when you run `git status --ignore-submodules=none` in
the superproject. This collects information from the submodule's working
-directory by running `status` in the submodule, which does pay attention
-to its `.gitignore` file.
+directory by running `status` in the submodule while paying attention
+to the `.gitignore` file of the submodule.
+
The submodule's `$GIT_DIR/config` file would come into play when running
`git push --recurse-submodules=check` in the superproject, as this would
file.
* The configuration file `$GIT_DIR/config` in the superproject.
- Typical configuration at this place is controlling if a submodule
- is recursed into at all via the `active` flag for example.
+ Git only recurses into active submodules (see "ACTIVE SUBMODULES"
+ section below).
+
If the submodule is not yet initialized, then the configuration
-inside the submodule does not exist yet, so configuration where to
+inside the submodule does not exist yet, so where to
obtain the submodule from is configured here for example.
- * the `.gitmodules` file inside the superproject. Additionally to the
- required mapping between submodule's name and path, a project usually
+ * The `.gitmodules` file inside the superproject. A project usually
uses this file to suggest defaults for the upstream collection
- of repositories.
+ of repositories for the mapping that is required between a
+ submodule's name and its path.
+
-This file mainly serves as the mapping between name and path in
-the superproject, such that the submodule's git directory can be
+This file mainly serves as the mapping between the name and path of submodules
+in the superproject, such that the submodule's Git directory can be
located.
+
If the submodule has never been initialized, this is the only place
of the superproject.
* Deinitialized submodule: A `gitlink`, and a `.gitmodules` entry,
-but no submodule working directory. The submodule’s git directory
-may be there as after deinitializing the git directory is kept around.
+but no submodule working directory. The submodule’s Git directory
+may be there as after deinitializing the Git directory is kept around.
The directory which is supposed to be the working directory is empty instead.
+
A submodule can be deinitialized by running `git submodule deinit`.
To completely remove a submodule, manually delete
`$GIT_DIR/modules/<name>/`.
+ACTIVE SUBMODULES
+-----------------
+
+A submodule is considered active,
+
+ (a) if `submodule.<name>.active` is set to `true`
+ or
+ (b) if the submodule's path matches the pathspec in `submodule.active`
+ or
+ (c) if `submodule.<name>.url` is set.
+
+and these are evaluated in this order.
+
+For example:
+
+ [submodule "foo"]
+ active = false
+ url = https://example.org/foo
+ [submodule "bar"]
+ active = true
+ url = https://example.org/bar
+ [submodule "baz"]
+ url = https://example.org/baz
+
+In the above config only the submodule 'bar' and 'baz' are active,
+'bar' due to (a) and 'baz' due to (c). 'foo' is inactive because
+(a) takes precedence over (c)
+
+Note that (c) is a historical artefact and will be ignored if the
+(a) and (b) specify that the submodule is not active. In other words,
+if we have an `submodule.<name>.active` set to `false` or if the
+submodule's path is excluded in the pathspec in `submodule.active`, the
+url doesn't matter whether it is present or not. This is illustrated in
+the example that follows.
+
+ [submodule "foo"]
+ active = true
+ url = https://example.org/foo
+ [submodule "bar"]
+ url = https://example.org/bar
+ [submodule "baz"]
+ url = https://example.org/baz
+ [submodule "bob"]
+ ignore = true
+ [submodule]
+ active = b*
+ active = :(exclude) baz
+
+In here all submodules except 'baz' (foo, bar, bob) are active.
+'foo' due to its own active flag and all the others due to the
+submodule active pathspec, which specifies that any submodule
+starting with 'b' except 'baz' are also active, regardless of the
+presence of the .url field.
+
Workflow for a third party library
----------------------------------