caret=^
startsb=[
endsb=]
+backslash=\
tilde=~
+apostrophe='
backtick=`
ifdef::backend-docbook[]
ignored if portable keystroke input is not available.
log.date::
- Set default date-time mode for the log command. Setting log.date
- value is similar to using 'git log'\'s --date option. The value is one of the
- following alternatives: {relative,local,default,iso,rfc,short}.
- See linkgit:git-log[1].
+ Set the default date-time mode for the 'log' command.
+ Setting a value for log.date is similar to using 'git log''s
+ `\--date` option. Possible values are `relative`, `local`,
+ `default`, `iso`, `rfc`, and `short`; see linkgit:git-log[1]
+ for details.
log.decorate::
Print out the ref names of any commits that are shown by the log
EXAMPLES
--------
-* Adds content from all `\*.txt` files under `Documentation` directory
+* Adds content from all `*.txt` files under `Documentation` directory
and its subdirectories:
+
------------
$ git add Documentation/\*.txt
------------
+
-Note that the asterisk `\*` is quoted from the shell in this
+Note that the asterisk `*` is quoted from the shell in this
example; this lets the command include the files from
subdirectories of `Documentation/` directory.
where c is the number of rounds of test (so a small constant) and b is
the ratio of bug per commit (hopefully a small constant too).
-So of course it's much better as it's O(N \* T) vs O(N \* T \* M) if
+So of course it's much better as it's O(N * T) vs O(N * T * M) if
you would test everything after each commit.
This means that test suites are good to prevent some bugs from being
[git-rev-list-args...]::
A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
- to transport. For example, `master\~10..master` causes the
+ to transport. For example, `master~10..master` causes the
current master reference to be packaged along with all objects
added since its 10th ancestor commit. There is no explicit
limit to the number of references and objects that may be
'git bundle' will only package references that are shown by
'git show-ref': this includes heads, tags, and remote heads. References
-such as `master\~1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for
+such as `master{tilde}1` cannot be packaged, but are perfectly suitable for
defining the basis. More than one reference may be packaged, and more
than one basis can be specified. The objects packaged are those not
contained in the union of the given bases. Each basis can be
-specified explicitly (e.g. `^master\~10`), or implicitly (e.g.
-`master\~10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`).
+specified explicitly (e.g. `^master{tilde}10`), or implicitly (e.g.
+`master{tilde}10..master`, `--since=10.days.ago master`).
It is very important that the basis used be held by the destination.
It is okay to err on the side of caution, causing the bundle file
[--stage=<number>|all]
[--temp]
[-z] [--stdin]
- [--] [<file>]\*
+ [--] [<file>]*
DESCRIPTION
-----------
checks out the branch (instead of detaching). You may also specify
`-` which is synonymous with `"@\{-1\}"`.
+
-As a further special case, you may use `"A...B"` as a shortcut for the
+As a further special case, you may use `"A\...B"` as a shortcut for the
merge base of `A` and `B` if there is exactly one merge base. You can
leave out at most one of `A` and `B`, in which case it defaults to `HEAD`.
SYNOPSIS
--------
-'git commit-tree' <tree> [-p <parent commit>]\* < changelog
+'git commit-tree' <tree> [-p <parent commit>]* < changelog
DESCRIPTION
-----------
[git-rev-list-args...]::
A list of arguments, acceptable to 'git rev-parse' and
'git rev-list', that specifies the specific objects and references
- to export. For example, `master\~10..master` causes the
+ to export. For example, `master{tilde}10..master` causes the
current master reference to be exported along with all objects
added since its 10th ancestor commit.
--------
[verse]
'git for-each-ref' [--count=<count>] [--shell|--perl|--python|--tcl]
- [--sort=<key>]
\* [--format=<format>] [<pattern>...]
+ [--sort=<key>]* [--format=<format>] [<pattern>...]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Examples
--------
-git grep 'time_t' \-- '*.[ch]'::
+git grep {apostrophe}time_t{apostrophe} \-- {apostrophe}*.[ch]{apostrophe}::
Looks for `time_t` in all tracked .c and .h files in the working
directory and its subdirectories.
-git grep -e \'#define\' --and \( -e MAX_PATH -e PATH_MAX \)::
+git grep -e {apostrophe}#define{apostrophe} --and \( -e MAX_PATH -e PATH_MAX \)::
Looks for a line that has `#define` and either `MAX_PATH` or
`PATH_MAX`.
--------
[verse]
'git ls-files' [-z] [-t] [-v]
- (--[cached|deleted|others|ignored|stage|unmerged|killed|modified])\*
- (-[c|d|o|i|s|u|k|m])\*
+ (--[cached|deleted|others|ignored|stage|unmerged|killed|modified])*
+ (-[c|d|o|i|s|u|k|m])*
[-x <pattern>|--exclude=<pattern>]
[-X <file>|--exclude-from=<file>]
[--exclude-per-directory=<file>]
[--exclude-standard]
[--error-unmatch] [--with-tree=<tree-ish>]
- [--full-name] [--abbrev] [--] [<file>]\*
+ [--full-name] [--abbrev] [--] [<file>]*
DESCRIPTION
-----------
SYNOPSIS
--------
-'git merge-index' [-o] [-q] <merge-program> (-a | [--] <file>\*)
+'git merge-index' [-o] [-q] <merge-program> (-a | [--] <file>*)
DESCRIPTION
-----------
For a successfully pushed ref, the summary shows the old and new
values of the ref in a form suitable for using as an argument to
`git log` (this is `<old>..<new>` in most cases, and
- `<old>...<new>` for forced non-fast-forward updates).
+ `<old>\...<new>` for forced non-fast-forward updates).
+
For a failed update, more details are given:
+
<upstream>. May be any valid commit, and not just an
existing branch name.
+
-As a special case, you may use "A...B" as a shortcut for the
+As a special case, you may use "A\...B" as a shortcut for the
merge base of A and B if there is exactly one merge base. You can
leave out at most one of A and B, in which case it defaults to HEAD.
SYNOPSIS
--------
-'git relink' [--safe] <dir> [<dir>]\* <master_dir>
+'git relink' [--safe] <dir> [<dir>]* <master_dir>
DESCRIPTION
-----------
properly quoted for consumption by shell. Useful when
you expect your parameter to contain whitespaces and
newlines (e.g. when using pickaxe `-S` with
- 'git diff-\*'). In contrast to the `--sq-quote` option,
+ 'git diff-{asterisk}'). In contrast to the `--sq-quote` option,
the command input is still interpreted as usual.
--not::
+
If a `pattern` is given, only refs matching the given shell glob are
shown. If the pattern does not contain a globbing character (`?`,
-`\*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by appending `/\*`.
+`{asterisk}`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix match by
+appending `/{asterisk}`.
--glob=pattern::
Show all refs matching the shell glob pattern `pattern`. If
the pattern does not start with `refs/`, this is automatically
prepended. If the pattern does not contain a globbing
- character (`?`, `\*`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
- match by appending `/\*`.
+ character (`?`, `{asterisk}`, or `[`), it is turned into a prefix
+ match by appending `/{asterisk}`.
--show-toplevel::
Show the absolute path of the top-level directory.
File globbing matches across directory boundaries. Thus, given
two directories `d` and `d2`, there is a difference between
-using `git rm \'d\*\'` and `git rm \'d/\*\'`, as the former will
+using `git rm {apostrophe}d{asterisk}{apostrophe}` and
+`git rm {apostrophe}d/{asterisk}{apostrophe}`, as the former will
also remove all of directory `d2`.
REMOVING FILES THAT HAVE DISAPPEARED FROM THE FILESYSTEM
EXAMPLES
--------
-git rm Documentation/\\*.txt::
- Removes all `\*.txt` files from the index that are under the
+git rm Documentation/\*.txt::
+ Removes all `*.txt` files from the index that are under the
`Documentation` directory and any of its subdirectories.
+
-Note that the asterisk `\*` is quoted from the shell in this
+Note that the asterisk `*` is quoted from the shell in this
example; this lets git, and not the shell, expand the pathnames
of files and subdirectories under the `Documentation/` directory.
------------------------------------------------
These three branches all forked from a common commit, [master],
-whose commit message is "Add \'git show-branch\'". The "fixes"
-branch adds one commit "Introduce "reset type" flag to "git reset"".
-The "mhf" branch adds many other commits. The current branch
-is "master".
+whose commit message is "Add {apostrophe}git show-branch{apostrophe}".
+The "fixes" branch adds one commit "Introduce "reset type" flag to
+"git reset"". The "mhf" branch adds many other commits.
+The current branch is "master".
EXAMPLE
--exclude-existing[=<pattern>]::
Make 'git show-ref' act as a filter that reads refs from stdin of the
- form "^(?:<anything>\s)?<refname>(?:\^\{\})?$" and performs the
- following actions on each:
+ form "^(?:<anything>\s)?<refname>(?:{backslash}{caret}\{\})?$"
+ and performs the following actions on each:
(1) strip "^{}" at the end of line if any;
(2) ignore if pattern is provided and does not head-match refname;
(3) warn if refname is not a well-formed refname and skip;
'git update-index'
[--add] [--remove | --force-remove] [--replace]
[--refresh] [-q] [--unmerged] [--ignore-missing]
- [--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <file>]\*
+ [--cacheinfo <mode> <object> <file>]*
[--chmod=(+|-)x]
[--assume-unchanged | --no-assume-unchanged]
[--skip-worktree | --no-skip-worktree]
[--info-only] [--index-info]
[-z] [--stdin]
[--verbose]
- [--] [<file>]\*
+ [--] [<file>]*
DESCRIPTION
-----------
and a reference to an object is always the 40-byte hex
representation of that SHA1 name. The files in the `refs`
subdirectory are expected to contain these hex references
-(usually with a final `\'\n\'` at the end), and you should thus
+(usually with a final `\n` at the end), and you should thus
expect to see a number of 41-byte files containing these
references in these `refs` subdirectories when you actually start
populating your tree.
----------------
which is another incomprehensible object name. Again, if you want to,
-you can use `git cat-file -t 8988d\...` to see that this time the object
+you can use `git cat-file -t 8988d...` to see that this time the object
is not a "blob" object, but a "tree" object (you can also use
`git cat-file` to actually output the raw object contents, but you'll see
mainly a binary mess, so that's less interesting).
(note how we didn't need the `\--add` flag this time, since git knew
about the file already).
-Note what happens to the different 'git diff-\*' versions here. After
-we've updated `hello` in the index, `git diff-files -p` now shows no
+Note what happens to the different 'git diff-{asterisk}' versions here.
+After we've updated `hello` in the index, `git diff-files -p` now shows no
differences, but `git diff-index -p HEAD` still *does* show that the
current state is different from the state we committed. In fact, now
'git diff-index' shows the same difference whether we use the `--cached`
[NOTE]
============
Here is an ASCII art by Jon Loeliger that illustrates how
-various diff-\* commands compare things.
+various 'diff-{asterisk}' commands compare things.
diff-tree
+----+
The first two lines indicate that it is showing the two branches
and the first line of the commit log message from their
top-of-the-tree commits, you are currently on `master` branch
-(notice the asterisk `\*` character), and the first column for
+(notice the asterisk `{asterisk}` character), and the first column for
the later output lines is used to show commits contained in the
`master` branch, and the second column for the `mybranch`
branch. Three commits are shown along with their log messages.
-All of them have non blank characters in the first column (`*`
+All of them have non blank characters in the first column (`{asterisk}`
shows an ordinary commit on the current branch, `-` is a merge commit), which
means they are now part of the `master` branch. Only the "Some
work" commit has the plus `+` character in the second column,
first obtains the topmost commit object name from the remote site
by looking at the specified refname under `repo.git/refs/` directory,
and then tries to obtain the
-commit object by downloading from `repo.git/objects/xx/xxx\...`
+commit object by downloading from `repo.git/objects/xx/xxx...`
using the object name of that commit object. Then it reads the
commit object to find out its parent commits and the associate
tree object; it repeats this process until it gets all the
directory.
[NOTE]
-You will see two files, `pack-\*.pack` and `pack-\*.idx`,
+You will see two files, `pack-{asterisk}.pack` and `pack-{asterisk}.idx`,
in `.git/objects/pack` directory. They are closely related to
each other, and if you ever copy them by hand to a different
repository for whatever reason, you should make sure you copy
- Otherwise, git treats the pattern as a shell glob suitable
for consumption by fnmatch(3) with the FNM_PATHNAME flag:
wildcards in the pattern will not match a / in the pathname.
- For example, "Documentation/\*.html" matches
+ For example, "Documentation/{asterisk}.html" matches
"Documentation/git.html" but not "Documentation/ppc/ppc.html"
or "tools/perf/Documentation/perf.html".
- A leading slash matches the beginning of the pathname.
- For example, "/*.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not
+ For example, "/{asterisk}.c" matches "cat-file.c" but not
"mozilla-sha1/sha1.c".
An example:
reflog entries from the most recent one to older ones.
When this option is used you cannot specify commits to
exclude (that is, '{caret}commit', 'commit1..commit2',
- nor 'commit1...commit2' notations cannot be used).
+ nor 'commit1\...commit2' notations cannot be used).
+
With '\--pretty' format other than oneline (for obvious reasons),
this causes the output to have two extra lines of information
If not stated otherwise, interpret the arguments as follows:
* `short` is a character for the short option
- (e.g. `\'e\'` for `-e`, use `0` to omit),
+ (e.g. `{apostrophe}e{apostrophe}` for `-e`, use `0` to omit),
* `long` is a string for the long option
(e.g. `"example"` for `\--example`, use `NULL` to omit),
The callback mechanism is as follows:
* Inside `func`, the only interesting member of the structure
- given by `opt` is the void pointer `opt->value`.
- `\*opt->value` will be the value that is saved into `var`, if you
+ given by `opt` is the void pointer `opt\->value`.
+ `\*opt\->value` will be the value that is saved into `var`, if you
use `OPT_CALLBACK()`.
- For example, do `*(unsigned long *)opt->value = 42;` to get 42
+ For example, do `*(unsigned long *)opt\->value = 42;` to get 42
into an `unsigned long` variable.
* Return value `0` indicates success and non-zero return
negative numbers in case of different errors--and 0 on success.
- the variable `sha1` in the function signature of `get_sha1()` is `unsigned
- char \*`, but is actually expected to be a pointer to `unsigned
+ char {asterisk}`, but is actually expected to be a pointer to `unsigned
char[20]`. This variable will contain the 160-bit SHA-1 of the given
- commit. Note that whenever a SHA-1 is passed as `unsigned char \*`, it
+ commit. Note that whenever a SHA-1 is passed as `unsigned char {asterisk}`, it
is the binary representation, as opposed to the ASCII representation in
hex characters, which is passed as `char *`.