<<def_bare_repository,bare>> repository. You can also push to a
repository that has a checked-out working tree, but a push to update the
currently checked-out branch is denied by default to prevent confusion.
-See the description ofthe receive.denyCurrentBranch option
+See the description of the receive.denyCurrentBranch option
in linkgit:git-config[1] for details.
As with `git fetch`, you may also set up configuration options to
these changes, just apply directly to the "release" branch, and then
merge that into the "test" branch.
-To create diffstat and shortlog summaries of changes to include in a "please
-pull" request to Linus you can use:
+After pushing your work to `mytree`, you can use
+linkgit:git-request-pull[1] to prepare a "please pull" request message
+to send to Linus:
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git diff --stat origin..release
--------------------------------------------------
-
-and
-
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git log -p origin..release | git shortlog
+$ git push mytree
+$ git request-pull origin mytree release
-------------------------------------------------
Here are some of the scripts that simplify all this even further.
fi
;;
*)
- echo "Usage: $0 origin|test|release" 1>&2
+ echo "usage: $0 origin|test|release" 1>&2
exit 1
;;
esac
usage()
{
- echo "Usage: $pname branch test|release" 1>&2
+ echo "usage: $pname branch test|release" 1>&2
exit 1
}
$ git rebase --abort
-------------------------------------------------
+If you need to reorder or edit a number of commits in a branch, it may
+be easier to use `git rebase -i`, which allows you to reorder and
+squash commits, as well as marking them for individual editing during
+the rebase. See <<interactive-rebase>> for details, and
+<<reordering-patch-series>> for alternatives.
+
[[rewriting-one-commit]]
Rewriting a single commit
-------------------------
which will replace the old commit by a new commit incorporating your
changes, giving you a chance to edit the old commit message first.
+This is useful for fixing typos in your last commit, or for adjusting
+the patch contents of a poorly staged commit.
-You can also use a combination of this and linkgit:git-rebase[1] to
-replace a commit further back in your history and recreate the
-intervening changes on top of it. First, tag the problematic commit
-with
+If you need to amend commits from deeper in your history, you can
+use <<interactive-rebase,interactive rebase's `edit` instruction>>.
--------------------------------------------------
-$ git tag bad mywork~5
--------------------------------------------------
-
-(Either gitk or `git log` may be useful for finding the commit.)
+[[reordering-patch-series]]
+Reordering or selecting from a patch series
+-------------------------------------------
-Then check out that commit, edit it, and rebase the rest of the series
-on top of it (note that we could check out the commit on a temporary
-branch, but instead we're using a <<detached-head,detached head>>):
+Sometimes you want to edit a commit deeper in your history. One
+approach is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of patches
+and then reset the state to before the patches:
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout bad
-$ # make changes here and update the index
-$ git commit --amend
-$ git rebase --onto HEAD bad mywork
+$ git format-patch origin
+$ git reset --hard origin
-------------------------------------------------
-When you're done, you'll be left with mywork checked out, with the top
-patches on mywork reapplied on top of your modified commit. You can
-then clean up with
+Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as needed before applying
+them again with linkgit:git-am[1]:
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git tag -d bad
+$ git am *.patch
-------------------------------------------------
-Note that the immutable nature of Git history means that you haven't really
-"modified" existing commits; instead, you have replaced the old commits with
-new commits having new object names.
+[[interactive-rebase]]
+Using interactive rebases
+-------------------------
-[[reordering-patch-series]]
-Reordering or selecting from a patch series
--------------------------------------------
+You can also edit a patch series with an interactive rebase. This is
+the same as <<reordering-patch-series,reordering a patch series using
+`format-patch`>>, so use whichever interface you like best.
-Given one existing commit, the linkgit:git-cherry-pick[1] command
-allows you to apply the change introduced by that commit and create a
-new commit that records it. So, for example, if "mywork" points to a
-series of patches on top of "origin", you might do something like:
+Rebase your current HEAD on the last commit you want to retain as-is.
+For example, if you want to reorder the last 5 commits, use:
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git checkout -b mywork-new origin
-$ gitk origin..mywork &
+$ git rebase -i HEAD~5
-------------------------------------------------
-and browse through the list of patches in the mywork branch using gitk,
-applying them (possibly in a different order) to mywork-new using
-cherry-pick, and possibly modifying them as you go using `git commit --amend`.
-The linkgit:git-gui[1] command may also help as it allows you to
-individually select diff hunks for inclusion in the index (by
-right-clicking on the diff hunk and choosing "Stage Hunk for Commit").
-
-Another technique is to use `git format-patch` to create a series of
-patches, then reset the state to before the patches:
+This will open your editor with a list of steps to be taken to perform
+your rebase.
-------------------------------------------------
-$ git format-patch origin
-$ git reset --hard origin
--------------------------------------------------
+pick deadbee The oneline of this commit
+pick fa1afe1 The oneline of the next commit
+...
-Then modify, reorder, or eliminate patches as preferred before applying
-them again with linkgit:git-am[1].
+# Rebase c0ffeee..deadbee onto c0ffeee
+#
+# Commands:
+# p, pick = use commit
+# r, reword = use commit, but edit the commit message
+# e, edit = use commit, but stop for amending
+# s, squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
+# f, fixup = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message
+# x, exec = run command (the rest of the line) using shell
+#
+# These lines can be re-ordered; they are executed from top to bottom.
+#
+# If you remove a line here THAT COMMIT WILL BE LOST.
+#
+# However, if you remove everything, the rebase will be aborted.
+#
+# Note that empty commits are commented out
+-------------------------------------------------
+
+As explained in the comments, you can reorder commits, squash them
+together, edit commit messages, etc. by editing the list. Once you
+are satisfied, save the list and close your editor, and the rebase
+will begin.
+
+The rebase will stop where `pick` has been replaced with `edit` or
+when a step in the list fails to mechanically resolve conflicts and
+needs your help. When you are done editing and/or resolving conflicts
+you can continue with `git rebase --continue`. If you decide that
+things are getting too hairy, you can always bail out with `git rebase
+--abort`. Even after the rebase is complete, you can still recover
+the original branch by using the <<reflogs,reflog>>.
+
+For a more detailed discussion of the procedure and additional tips,
+see the "INTERACTIVE MODE" section of linkgit:git-rebase[1].
[[patch-series-tools]]
Other tools
NOTE: The changes are still visible in the submodule's reflog.
-This is not the case if you did not commit your changes.
+If you have uncommitted changes in your submodule working tree, `git
+submodule update` will not overwrite them. Instead, you get the usual
+warning about not being able switch from a dirty branch.
[[low-level-operations]]
Low-level Git operations
/* common helpers */
+#define ARRAY_SIZE(x) (sizeof(x)/sizeof(x[0]))
+
static void die(const char *err, ...)
{
char msg[4096];
return ret;
}
-static char *xstrdup(const char *str)
-{
- char *ret = strdup(str);
- if (!ret)
- die("Out of memory");
- return ret;
-}
-
/* MinGW doesn't have wincred.h, so we need to define stuff */
typedef struct _CREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW {
#define CRED_MAX_ATTRIBUTES 64
typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredWriteWT)(PCREDENTIALW, DWORD);
-typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferWT)(DWORD, PVOID, DWORD,
- LPWSTR, DWORD *, LPWSTR, DWORD *, LPWSTR, DWORD *);
typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredEnumerateWT)(LPCWSTR, DWORD, DWORD *,
PCREDENTIALW **);
-typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredPackAuthenticationBufferWT)(DWORD, LPWSTR, LPWSTR,
- PBYTE, DWORD *);
typedef VOID (WINAPI *CredFreeT)(PVOID);
typedef BOOL (WINAPI *CredDeleteWT)(LPCWSTR, DWORD, DWORD);
-static HMODULE advapi, credui;
+static HMODULE advapi;
static CredWriteWT CredWriteW;
-static CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferWT CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW;
static CredEnumerateWT CredEnumerateW;
-static CredPackAuthenticationBufferWT CredPackAuthenticationBufferW;
static CredFreeT CredFree;
static CredDeleteWT CredDeleteW;
{
/* load DLLs */
advapi = LoadLibrary("advapi32.dll");
- credui = LoadLibrary("credui.dll");
- if (!advapi || !credui)
- die("failed to load DLLs");
+ if (!advapi)
+ die("failed to load advapi32.dll");
/* get function pointers */
CredWriteW = (CredWriteWT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredWriteW");
- CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW = (CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferWT)
- GetProcAddress(credui, "CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW");
CredEnumerateW = (CredEnumerateWT)GetProcAddress(advapi,
"CredEnumerateW");
- CredPackAuthenticationBufferW = (CredPackAuthenticationBufferWT)
- GetProcAddress(credui, "CredPackAuthenticationBufferW");
CredFree = (CredFreeT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredFree");
CredDeleteW = (CredDeleteWT)GetProcAddress(advapi, "CredDeleteW");
- if (!CredWriteW || !CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW ||
- !CredEnumerateW || !CredPackAuthenticationBufferW || !CredFree ||
- !CredDeleteW)
+ if (!CredWriteW || !CredEnumerateW || !CredFree || !CredDeleteW)
die("failed to load functions");
}
-static char target_buf[1024];
-static char *protocol, *host, *path, *username;
-static WCHAR *wusername, *password, *target;
+static WCHAR *wusername, *password, *protocol, *host, *path, target[1024];
-static void write_item(const char *what, WCHAR *wbuf)
+static void write_item(const char *what, LPCWSTR wbuf, int wlen)
{
char *buf;
- int len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, -1, NULL, 0, NULL,
+ int len = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, wlen, NULL, 0, NULL,
FALSE);
buf = xmalloc(len);
- if (!WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, -1, buf, len, NULL, FALSE))
+ if (!WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf, wlen, buf, len, NULL, FALSE))
die("WideCharToMultiByte failed!");
printf("%s=", what);
- fwrite(buf, 1, len - 1, stdout);
+ fwrite(buf, 1, len, stdout);
putchar('\n');
free(buf);
}
-static int match_attr(const CREDENTIALW *cred, const WCHAR *keyword,
- const char *want)
+/*
+ * Match an (optional) expected string and a delimiter in the target string,
+ * consuming the matched text by updating the target pointer.
+ */
+static int match_part(LPCWSTR *ptarget, LPCWSTR want, LPCWSTR delim)
{
- int i;
- if (!want)
- return 1;
-
- for (i = 0; i < cred->AttributeCount; ++i)
- if (!wcscmp(cred->Attributes[i].Keyword, keyword))
- return !strcmp((const char *)cred->Attributes[i].Value,
- want);
-
- return 0; /* not found */
+ LPCWSTR delim_pos, start = *ptarget;
+ int len;
+
+ /* find start of delimiter (or end-of-string if delim is empty) */
+ if (*delim)
+ delim_pos = wcsstr(start, delim);
+ else
+ delim_pos = start + wcslen(start);
+
+ /*
+ * match text up to delimiter, or end of string (e.g. the '/' after
+ * host is optional if not followed by a path)
+ */
+ if (delim_pos)
+ len = delim_pos - start;
+ else
+ len = wcslen(start);
+
+ /* update ptarget if we either found a delimiter or need a match */
+ if (delim_pos || want)
+ *ptarget = delim_pos ? delim_pos + wcslen(delim) : start + len;
+
+ return !want || (!wcsncmp(want, start, len) && !want[len]);
}
static int match_cred(const CREDENTIALW *cred)
{
- return (!wusername || !wcscmp(wusername, cred->UserName)) &&
- match_attr(cred, L"git_protocol", protocol) &&
- match_attr(cred, L"git_host", host) &&
- match_attr(cred, L"git_path", path);
+ LPCWSTR target = cred->TargetName;
+ if (wusername && wcscmp(wusername, cred->UserName))
+ return 0;
+
+ return match_part(&target, L"git", L":") &&
+ match_part(&target, protocol, L"://") &&
+ match_part(&target, wusername, L"@") &&
+ match_part(&target, host, L"/") &&
+ match_part(&target, path, L"");
}
static void get_credential(void)
{
- WCHAR *user_buf, *pass_buf;
- DWORD user_buf_size = 0, pass_buf_size = 0;
- CREDENTIALW **creds, *cred = NULL;
+ CREDENTIALW **creds;
DWORD num_creds;
int i;
/* search for the first credential that matches username */
for (i = 0; i < num_creds; ++i)
if (match_cred(creds[i])) {
- cred = creds[i];
+ write_item("username", creds[i]->UserName,
+ wcslen(creds[i]->UserName));
+ write_item("password",
+ (LPCWSTR)creds[i]->CredentialBlob,
+ creds[i]->CredentialBlobSize / sizeof(WCHAR));
break;
}
- if (!cred)
- return;
-
- CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW(0, cred->CredentialBlob,
- cred->CredentialBlobSize, NULL, &user_buf_size, NULL, NULL,
- NULL, &pass_buf_size);
-
- user_buf = xmalloc(user_buf_size * sizeof(WCHAR));
- pass_buf = xmalloc(pass_buf_size * sizeof(WCHAR));
-
- if (!CredUnPackAuthenticationBufferW(0, cred->CredentialBlob,
- cred->CredentialBlobSize, user_buf, &user_buf_size, NULL, NULL,
- pass_buf, &pass_buf_size))
- die("CredUnPackAuthenticationBuffer failed");
CredFree(creds);
-
- /* zero-terminate (sizes include zero-termination) */
- user_buf[user_buf_size - 1] = L'\0';
- pass_buf[pass_buf_size - 1] = L'\0';
-
- write_item("username", user_buf);
- write_item("password", pass_buf);
-
- free(user_buf);
- free(pass_buf);
-}
-
-static void write_attr(CREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW *attr, const WCHAR *keyword,
- const char *value)
-{
- attr->Keyword = (LPWSTR)keyword;
- attr->Flags = 0;
- attr->ValueSize = strlen(value) + 1; /* store zero-termination */
- attr->Value = (LPBYTE)value;
}
static void store_credential(void)
{
CREDENTIALW cred;
- BYTE *auth_buf;
- DWORD auth_buf_size = 0;
- CREDENTIAL_ATTRIBUTEW attrs[CRED_MAX_ATTRIBUTES];
if (!wusername || !password)
return;
- /* query buffer size */
- CredPackAuthenticationBufferW(0, wusername, password,
- NULL, &auth_buf_size);
-
- auth_buf = xmalloc(auth_buf_size);
-
- if (!CredPackAuthenticationBufferW(0, wusername, password,
- auth_buf, &auth_buf_size))
- die("CredPackAuthenticationBuffer failed");
-
cred.Flags = 0;
cred.Type = CRED_TYPE_GENERIC;
cred.TargetName = target;
cred.Comment = L"saved by git-credential-wincred";
- cred.CredentialBlobSize = auth_buf_size;
- cred.CredentialBlob = auth_buf;
+ cred.CredentialBlobSize = (wcslen(password)) * sizeof(WCHAR);
+ cred.CredentialBlob = (LPVOID)password;
cred.Persist = CRED_PERSIST_LOCAL_MACHINE;
- cred.AttributeCount = 1;
- cred.Attributes = attrs;
+ cred.AttributeCount = 0;
+ cred.Attributes = NULL;
cred.TargetAlias = NULL;
cred.UserName = wusername;
- write_attr(attrs, L"git_protocol", protocol);
-
- if (host) {
- write_attr(attrs + cred.AttributeCount, L"git_host", host);
- cred.AttributeCount++;
- }
-
- if (path) {
- write_attr(attrs + cred.AttributeCount, L"git_path", path);
- cred.AttributeCount++;
- }
-
if (!CredWriteW(&cred, 0))
die("CredWrite failed");
}
while (fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), stdin)) {
char *v;
+ int len = strlen(buf);
+ /* strip trailing CR / LF */
+ while (len && strchr("\r\n", buf[len - 1]))
+ buf[--len] = 0;
- if (!strcmp(buf, "\n"))
+ if (!*buf)
break;
- buf[strlen(buf)-1] = '\0';
v = strchr(buf, '=');
if (!v)
*v++ = '\0';
if (!strcmp(buf, "protocol"))
- protocol = xstrdup(v);
+ protocol = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
else if (!strcmp(buf, "host"))
- host = xstrdup(v);
+ host = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
else if (!strcmp(buf, "path"))
- path = xstrdup(v);
+ path = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
else if (!strcmp(buf, "username")) {
- username = xstrdup(v);
wusername = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
} else if (!strcmp(buf, "password"))
password = utf8_to_utf16_dup(v);
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
const char *usage =
- "Usage: git credential-wincred <get|store|erase>\n";
+ "usage: git credential-wincred <get|store|erase>\n";
if (!argv[1])
die(usage);
return 0;
/* prepare 'target', the unique key for the credential */
- strncat(target_buf, "git:", sizeof(target_buf));
- strncat(target_buf, protocol, sizeof(target_buf));
- strncat(target_buf, "://", sizeof(target_buf));
- if (username) {
- strncat(target_buf, username, sizeof(target_buf));
- strncat(target_buf, "@", sizeof(target_buf));
+ wcscpy(target, L"git:");
+ wcsncat(target, protocol, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+ wcsncat(target, L"://", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+ if (wusername) {
+ wcsncat(target, wusername, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+ wcsncat(target, L"@", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
}
if (host)
- strncat(target_buf, host, sizeof(target_buf));
+ wcsncat(target, host, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
if (path) {
- strncat(target_buf, "/", sizeof(target_buf));
- strncat(target_buf, path, sizeof(target_buf));
+ wcsncat(target, L"/", ARRAY_SIZE(target));
+ wcsncat(target, path, ARRAY_SIZE(target));
}
- target = utf8_to_utf16_dup(target_buf);
-
if (!strcmp(argv[1], "get"))
get_credential();
else if (!strcmp(argv[1], "store"))