Andrew's git - notes.git/blob - chem/organic-2.md

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   6
   7# Organic Chemistry
   8
   9Large number of compounds due to:
  10- 4 valence pairs
  11- single / double / triple bonds
  12- cyclic (ring) structures
  13
  14## Properties of hydrocarbons
  15
  16- *Saturated* - all C-C bonds are single
  17- Insoluble in water
  18- Almost non-polar (similar electronegativities)
  19- Only dispersion forces (valence e-)
  20- Dispersion forces increase with length
  21- Branched molecules have lower density
  22
  23## Linear (aliphatic)
  24
  25Alkanes: \ce{C_{$n$} H_{$2n+2$}}  
  26Alkenes: \ce{C_{$n$} H_{$2n$}}  
  27Alkynes: \ce{C_{$n$} H_{$2n-2$}}
  28
  29## Naming hydrocarbons
  30
  31- Branches end with _-yl_
  32- Indicate number of branches with di-, tri- etc.
  33- Longest unbranched carbon chain includes function group
  34
  35
  36
  37## Functional groups
  38
  39\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{rX}
  40  Alcohols & \ce{-OH} \\
  41  Aldehydes & \ce{-CHO} \\
  42  Ketones & \ce{-CO-} \\
  43  Carboxylic acids & \ce{-COOH} \\
  44  Amines & \ce{-NH2} \\
  45  Amides & \ce{-CONH2} \\
  46\end{tabularx}
  47